Cited by 93Dialysis and Renal Disease ManagementNutritional Studies and DietChronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes

Red meat intake in chronic kidney disease patients: Two sides of the coin

Mafra, Denise, Borges, Natalia A., Cardozo, Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de Franca, Anjos, Juliana S., Black, Ana Paula, Moraes, Cristiane, Bergman, Peter, Lindholm, Bengt +1 more·2018·Nutrition

Abstract

Red meat is an important dietary source of high biological value protein and micronutrients such as vitamins, iron, and zinc that exert many beneficial functions. However, high consumption of animal protein sources, especially red meat, results in an increased intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, iron, and salt, as well as an excessive acid load. Red meat intake may lead to an elevated production of uremic toxins by the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate, and p-cresyl sulfate. These uremic toxins are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Limiting the intake of red meat in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) thus may be a good strategy to reduce CV risk, and may slow the progression of kidney disease. In the present review, we discuss the role of red meat in the diet of patients with CKD. Additionally, we report on a pilot study that focused on the effect of a low-protein diet on TMAO plasma levels in nondialysis CKD patients.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.015

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Authors
Mafra, D., Borges, N. A., Cardozo, L. F. M. D. F., Anjos, J. S., Black, A. P., Moraes, C., Bergman, P., Lindholm, B., & Stenvinkel, P.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Federal Fluminense (BR)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Mafra, Denise
Venue
Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-02
Volume
46
Pages
26-32
ISSN
0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2755998551
Cited by
93
References
98
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7
FWCI
0.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • Njurfonden
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Keywords
red meat, chronic kidney disease, trimethylamine N-oxide, uremic toxins, gut microbiota, cardiovascular mortality, low-protein diet, animal protein intake, dietary iron, cardiovascular risk, kidney disease progression
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Red Meat, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Methylamines, Risk Factors, Toxins, Biological, Vitamins, Zinc, Diet, Protein-Restricted, Micronutrients, Iron, Dietary, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

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