Varying Protein Source and Quantity do not Significantly Improve Weight Loss, Fat Loss, or Satiety in Reduced Energy Diets among Midlife Adults

Aldrich, Noel D.; Reicks, Marla M.; Sibley, Shalamar D.; Redmon, J. Bruce; Thomas, William; Raatz, Susan K.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.004

Cited by 52Muscle metabolism and nutritionDiet and metabolism studiesRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Varying Protein Source and Quantity do not Significantly Improve Weight Loss, Fat Loss, or Satiety in Reduced Energy Diets among Midlife Adults

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Aldrich, Noel D., Reicks, Marla M., Sibley, Shalamar D., Redmon, J. Bruce, Thomas, William, Raatz, Susan K.·2011·Nutrition Research

DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.004PMC PMC3061831

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Abstract

We hypothesized that a whey protein diet would result in greater weight loss and improved body composition compared with standard weight loss diets. Weight change, body composition, and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system activity in midlife adults were compared between diet groups. Eighteen subjects enrolled in a 5-month study of 8-week controlled food intake followed by 12-weeks ad libitum intake. Subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: control diet (CD) (55% carbohydrate/15% protein/30% fat), mixed protein (40% carbohydrate/30% protein/30% fat), or whey protein (WP) (40% carbohydrate/15% mixed protein/15% whey protein/30% fat). Measurements included weight, metabolic measures, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and resting energy expenditure. No statistically significant differences in total weight loss or total fat loss were observed between treatments; however, a trend toward greater total weight loss (P = .08) and total fat loss (P = .09) was observed in the WP group compared with the CD group. Fat loss in the leg and gynoid regions was greater (P < .05) in the WP group than the CD group. No renin-angiotensin aldosterone system-mediated response was observed, but a decrease in systolic blood pressure was significantly greater (P < .05) in the WP group compared with the CD group. In summary, increased whey protein intake did not result in statistically significant differences in weight loss or in total fat loss, but significant differences in regional fat loss and in decreased blood pressure were observed in the WP group.

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There is a risk of bias in studies where substitutes are provided to the intervention group but not to the control group.
“which highlights a risk of bias in studies where substitutes are provided to the intervention group but not to the control group [33,68,70,71].”
From Are Dietary Proteins the Key to Successful Body Weight Management? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Assessing Body Weight Outcomes after Interventions with Increased Dietary Protein (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Methods §2.1 reports that during the 12-week ad libitum phase, only the whey-protein group was given additional protein powder and bars. This supports the unequal-provision example, but the paper does not identify that practice as a risk of bias. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Authors: Aldrich, N. D., Reicks, M. M., Sibley, S. D., Redmon, J. B., Thomas, W., & Raatz, S. K.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Raatz, Susan K.
ORCID: Reicks, Marla M.
Sibley, Shalamar D.
Redmon, J. Bruce
Thomas, William
Raatz, Susan K.
Venue: Nutrition Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-02
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Pages: 104-112
ISSN: 0271-5317 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.004
PMC: PMC3061831
OpenAlex: W2122411505
Cited by: 52
References: 48
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Nutrition Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000400, M01-RR00400)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: whey protein, weight loss, fat loss, satiety, hypocaloric diet, middle-aged adults, body composition, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, systolic blood pressure, resting energy expenditure, protein intake
MeSH terms: Whey Proteins, Adult, Aldosterone, Androgens, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Milk Proteins, Renin, Renin-Angiotensin System, Satiation, Weight Loss, Absorptiometry, Photon, Linear Models

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Varying Protein Source and Quantity do not Significantly Improve Weight Loss, Fat Loss, or Satiety in Reduced Energy Diets among Midlife Adults

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