Cited by 232Impact of Technology on AdolescentsMental Health Research TopicsChild Development and Digital Technology

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Depression and emotion regulation predict objective smartphone use measured over one week

Elhai, Jon D., Tiamiyu, Mojisola F., Weeks, Justin W., Levine, Jason C., Picard, Kristina J., Hall, Brian J.·2018·Personality and Individual Differences

DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.051

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Items 101–200 of 229

Self-Reported Screen Time on Social Networking Sites Associated With Problematic Smartphone Use in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Study
Guo, N., Luk, T. T., Wang, M. P., Ho, S. Y., Fong, D., Wan, A., Chan, S. S.-C., & Lam, T. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.614061 · Cited by 25
The Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Nomophobia and Social Interaction Anxiety in University Students
Bulut, A., & Şengül, H. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2191079 · Cited by 26
“Although problematic use poses a risk to individuals, it does not necessarily lead to addictive behavior (Elhai et al., 2018; Panova & Carbonell, 2018).”
Exploring the relationship between personality structure and smartphone usage
Burtăverde, V., Sebastian, V., & Avram, E. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00521-5 · Cited by 22
The Impact of Adolescent Resilience on Mobile Phone Addiction During COVID-19 Normalization and Flooding in China: A Chain Mediating
Ma, A., Yang, Y. M., Guo, S., Li, X., Zhang, S., & Chang, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865306 · Cited by 26
Smartphone interactions and mental well-being in young adults: A longitudinal study based on objective high-resolution smartphone data
Dissing, A. S., Rod, N. H., Gerds, T. A., & Lund, R. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494820920418 · Cited by 23
“[19] Elhai jD, tiamiyu mF, Weeks jW, et al.”
Background
Examining Self-Regulation and Problematic Smartphone Use in Canadian Adolescents: A Parallel Latent Growth Modeling Approach
Xiao, B., Zhao, H., Hein‐Salvi, C., Parent, N., & Shapka, J. D. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02071-x · Cited by 33
“In addition, emotional regulation has also emerged as a critical factor, with maladaptive strategies contributing to heightened smartphone engagement as a coping mechanism and the development of problematic smartphone use (Elhai et al., 2018).”
The role of emotion dysregulation in adolescents’ problematic smartphone use: A study on adolescent/parents triads
Giordano, C., Coco, G. L., Salerno, L., & Blasi, M. D. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106632 · Cited by 21
Time Spent on Mobile Apps Matters: A Latent Class Analysis of Patterns of Smartphone Use among Adolescents
Fortunato, L., Lo Coco, G., Teti, A., Bonfanti, R. C., & Salerno, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20156439 · Cited by 20
“Moreover, both social anxiety [43] and specific emotion regulation strategies such as rumination [36] have been shown to play a prominent role in fostering problematic smartphone use.”
Background
Young People’s Digital Interactions from a Narrative Identity Perspective: Implications for Mental Health and Wellbeing
Granic, I., Morita, H., & Scholten, H. (2020) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2020.1820225 · Cited by 28
Fear of missing out and fear of not being up to date: investigating different pathways towards social and process problematic smartphone use
Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Gioia, F., Redditi, E., & Spada, M. M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03368-5 · Cited by 23
The Many Channels of Screen Media Technology in ADHD: a Paradigm for Quantifying Distinct Risks and Potential Benefits
Engelhard, M., & Kollins, S. H. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1077-1 · Cited by 21
The interplay between social media use and problematic internet usage: Four behavioral patterns
Chemnad, K., Aziz, M., Belhaouari, S. B., & Ali, R. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15745 · Cited by 21
“The self-reported technology usage time is less reliable than objective methods [55,90].”
Method
The effects of emotional working memory training on internet use, impulsivity, risky decision-making, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in young adults with problematic use of the internet: A preliminary randomized controlled trial study into possible mechanisms
Chashmi, S. J. E., Shahrajabian, F., Hasani, J., Potenza, M. N., Kuss, D. J., & Hakima, F. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00022 · Cited by 20
“Individuals with PUI may surf the internet to deal with negative emotions as a maladaptive coping strategy (Elhai et al., 2018; Kuss et al., 2017), rather than using adaptive coping strategies (e.g., problem-solving or social support).”
Background
Depression and stress are associated with latent profiles of problematic social media use among college students
Cui, J., Wang, Y., Liu, D., & Yang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1306152 · Cited by 27
Using Machine Learning to Explore the Risk Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use among Canadian Adolescents during COVID-19: The Important Role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)
Xiao, B., Parent, N., Rahal, L., & Shapka, J. D. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13084970 · Cited by 22
Insights: Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von passivem Smartphone-Tracking im therapeutischen Kontext
Meßner, E.-M., Sariyska, R., Mayer, B., Montag, C., Kannen, C., Schwerdtfeger, A. R., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000501735 · Cited by 19
Temporal Stability of Smartphone Use Data: Determining Fundamental Time Unit and Independent Cycle
Pan, Y., Lin, H.-H., Chiu, Y., Lin, S., & Lin, Y. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/12171 · Cited by 18
“The total duration of data collection varies in different studies, ranging from 1 to 6 weeks [4,7,8].”
Background
Insights – future implications of passive smartphone sensing in the therapeutic context
Messner, E.-M., Sariyska, R., Mayer, B., Montag, C., Kannen, C., Schwerdtfeger, A., & Baumeister, H. (2022) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000501951 · Cited by 17
Mental disengagement mediates the effect of rumination on smartphone use: A latent growth curve analysis
Khoo, S. S., & Yang, H. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106757 · Cited by 18
Tolerance for ambiguity, reappraisal, and suppression mediate the relationship between problematic internet use and procrastination
Chashmi, S. J. E., Hasani, J., Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Shahrajabian, F. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03745-0 · Cited by 22
Depressive symptomatology is associated with problematic smartphone use severity in adolescents: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies
Arrivillaga, C., Elhai, J. D., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2023-3-2 · Cited by 22
The Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use on Sleep Quality Among Chinese Young Adults: Investigating Anxiety and Depression as Mediators in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study
Wu, R., Niu, Q., Wang, Y., Dawa, Y., Guang, Z., Song, D., Xue, B., Lu, C., & Wang, S. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s455955 · Cited by 23
Digital Media and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents
Radesky, J. S. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8932 · Cited by 17
Detection of Depressive Symptoms in College Students Using Multimodal Passive Sensing Data and Light Gradient Boosting Machine: Longitudinal Pilot Study
Borelli, J. L., Wang, Y., Li, F. H., Russo, L. N., Tironi, M., Yamashita, K., Zhou, E., Lai, J., Nguyen, B., Azimi, I., et al. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/67964 · Cited by 19
“More physical activity in college students predicts lower anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as higher self-esteem, and overall improved mental health [24,27-31].”
Influential
Understanding the smartphone generation: is problematic smartphone use associated with low body esteem among adolescent girls and boys?
Coco, G. L., Salerno, L., Giordano, C., Blasi, M. D., & Rodgers, R. F. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00847-5 · Cited by 16
The Influence of Smartphone Addiction, Personality Traits, Achievement Motivation on Problem-solving Ability of University Students
Ran, Y. (2022) · Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies · doi:10.32996/jpbs.2022.2.1 · Cited by 20
The Impact of Nomophobia: Exploring the Interplay Between Loneliness, Smartphone Usage, Self-control, Emotion Regulation, and Spiritual Meaningfulness in an Indonesian Context
Safaria, T., Saputra, N. E., & Arini, D. P. (2024) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-024-00438-2 · Cited by 20
Anxiety sensitivity mediates relations between anxiety (but not depression) and problematic smartphone use severity, adjusting for age and sex, in Chinese adolescents early in the COVID ‐19 pandemic
Hallauer, C. J., Rooney, E., Yang, H., Meng, Q., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2021) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.319 · Cited by 17
Examination of the temporal sequence between social media use and well-being in a representative sample of adults
Jarman, H. K., McLean, S. A., Paxton, S. J., Sibley, C. G., & Marques, M. D. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02363-2 · Cited by 17
Smartphones within Psychological Science
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408 · Cited by 14
The ınvestigation of the relationship between smartphone addiction, and problem-solving skills and ways of coping with stress
Güzel, H. Ş. (2020) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2020.00088 · Cited by 20
“In particular, many studies show the relationship between depression, anxiety, attachment problems, loneliness, and anger with smartphone usage (6-10).”
Background
Self and other ratings of problematic smartphone use: The role of personality and relationship type
Horwood, S., & Anglim, J. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106634 · Cited by 18
Predictors of engagement with remote sensing technologies for symptom measurement in Major Depressive Disorder
Matcham, F., Carr, E., White, K. M., Leightley, D., Lamers, F., Siddi, S., Annas, P., de Girolamo, G., Haro, J. M., Horsfall, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.005 · Cited by 14
“An analysis of students’ smartphone use over one week revealed a significant association between reduced depression severity and increased general smartphone use (Elhai et al., 2018).”
Examining the Interplay of Smartphone Use Disorder, Mental Health, and Physical Symptoms
Reer, F., Wehden, L.-O., Janzik, R., & Quandt, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.834835 · Cited by 14
“, (16, 36, 41, 42)] and in support of our hypothesis, we found that those who use their smartphones more intensively showed more signs of SmUD.”
Result
Protective factors against technostress in secondary school teachers
Zivi, P., Malatesta, G., Mascia, M. L., Diana, M. G., Domenico, A. D., Penna, M. P., & Palmiero, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19604-4 · Cited by 26
“For instance, Elhai et al. found that the use of expressive suppression of negative emotions significantly predicted objective smartphone use 81 and also mediated the association between self-reported problematic use of smartphones and anxiety 82 .”
Associations Between Both Smartphone Addiction and Objectively Measured Smartphone Use and Sleep Quality and Duration Among University Students: Cross-Sectional Study
Yin, J., Tang, X., Liu, Z., Gong, Y., Yang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/77796 · Cited by 25
“The 7-day assessment period aligns with those of most studies in this field [40-42].”
Smartphone addiction in Iranian schoolchildren: a population-based study
Azizi, A., Emamian, M. H., Hashemi, H., & Fotouhi, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73816-8 · Cited by 16
ERGENLERDE DUYGU DÜZENLEME, PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK VE OKULDA ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞUN AKILLI TELEFON BAĞIMLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ YORDAYICI ROLÜ
SAĞAR, M. E. (2022) · Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17755/esosder.1036794 · Cited by 15
Studying Psychopathology in Relation to Smartphone Use
Rozgonjuk, D., Elhai, J. D., & Hall, B. J. (2019) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31620-4_11 · Cited by 13
The Mediating Role of Visual Stimuli From Media Use at Bedtime on Psychological Distress and Fatigue in College Students: Cross-Sectional Study
Guan, Y., & Duan, W. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/11609 · Cited by 13
“Psychological distress is related to media use [21-23] and positively influences media use [24,25].”
Background
Nuanced relationships between indices of smartphone use and psychological distress: distinguishing problematic smartphone use, phone checking, and screen time
Tng, G. Y. Q., & Yang, H. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196573 · Cited by 12
“…di ﬀ erences in the degree of problematic smartphone use and smartphone screen time (e.g. De-Sola Gutiér-rez, Rodríguez de Fonseca, and Rubio 2017; Elhai et al. 2018; Kruger and Djerf 2017; Van Deursen et al. 2015; Winkler et al. 2020), the moderating role of sex in the associations between…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Mobile Applikationen in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis: Chancen und Grenzen
Rathner, E., & Probst, T. (2018) · PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog · doi:10.1055/a-0592-0496 · Cited by 10
“Diagnostik und Verlaufsmessung können einerseits durch aktive Nutzereingaben und andererseits durch passives Verhaltenstracking erreicht werden [4].”
Background
Temperament, Character and Cognitive Emotional Regulation in the Latent Profile Classification of Smartphone Addiction in University Students
Choi, D.-H., & Jung, Y.-S. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141811643 · Cited by 11
Heavy Users, Mobile Gamers, and Social Networkers: Patterns of Objective Smartphone Use in Parents of Infants and Associations With Parent Depression, Sleep, Parenting, and Problematic Phone Use
McDaniel, B. T., Radesky, J. S., Pater, J. A., Galovan, A. M., Harrison, A., Cornet, V. P., Reining, L. E., Schaller, A., & Drouin, M. A. (2024) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/2024/3601969 · Cited by 11
Shyness and Adolescents' Smartphone Addiction: Roles of Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Experiential Avoidance, and Online Social Support
Ling, G., Kong, F., Liu, F., Zhang, Z., & Wang, X. (2024) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23360 · Cited by 9
Uncovering Latent Profiles of ICT Users and Its Relation to Technostress and Mental Health in an Adult Sample: Contributions of a Transdiagnostic Approach
Rosa, P. J., Miranda, I. P., & Pascoal, P. M. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2439637 · Cited by 9
“Studies have shown that these users tend to engage in repetitive negative thinking, which can exacerbate anxiety and depression (e.g., Elhai et al., 2018; Rozgonjuk & Elhai, 2021).”
The association between the deviation from balanced time perspective on adolescent pandemic mobile phone addiction: the moderating role of self-control and the mediating role of psychological distress
Zhang, H., Chen, C., Zhang, L., Xue, S., & Tang, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298256 · Cited by 9
“Many studies have found a relationship between mobile phone addiction, depression, and anxiety (Elhai et al., 2018).”
Background
The Moderating Effect of Mindfulness on the Relationship Between Problematic Smartphone Usage and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
Stratton, C. M., Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Miller‐Perrin, C. (2022) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.2.113 · Cited by 9
“It is likely, though, that the relationship between PSU and anxiety and stress is bidirectional, as evidenced by existing research (Elhai et al., 2018b).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Subjective well-being and its impact on online game addiction
Chang, H. H. (2023) · World Leisure Journal · doi:10.1080/16078055.2023.2204676 · Cited by 8
“…chooses to use an entertainment application (app; e.g. online game) to pass the time because of boredom and loneliness and subsequently becomes a game addict (Elhai et al., 2018), they will lack physical activity as a result of their addiction to the smartphone app that o ﬀ ers sensory stimulation.”
Background
Parental attachment security and problematic internet use in children: The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies
Olmeda, N., Cuesta-Zamora, C., Joiner, R., & Ricarte, J. J. (2023) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045231221269 · Cited by 12
“Focusing on maladaptive CERS, particularly, Rumination has been related to Problematic Smartphone Use (Elhai et al., 2018) and Internet Addiction (Liu et al., 2019; McNicol & Thorsteinsson, 2017; Nosrat-Abad et al., 2020) in adolescence and preadolescence.”
Background
Digital Phenotyping - A Case for Cognitive Functions and Dementia?
Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2020) · Digital Psychology · doi:10.24989/dp.v1i1.1810 · Cited by 8
Smartphone Addiction
Rozgonjuk, D., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2022) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04772-5_4 · Cited by 9
A Novel Emotion Control System for Embedded Human–Computer Interaction in Green Iot
Gong, C., Lin, F., & An, X. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2960832 · Cited by 8
“[21] explored the relationship between human emotional state and the use frequency of smartphones, and designed an emotional adjustment strategy by controlling the use time of smartphones.”
Background
The Effect of Future Time Perspective on Internet Dependence Among College Students in Pandemic Time: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Liu, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, W. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s396622 · Cited by 9
The Role of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Problematic Smartphone Use among a Large Sample of Iranian Population
Pourafshari, R., Rezapour, T., Rafei, P., & Hatami, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100436 · Cited by 11
Toward the Implementation of Contemplative Practices in Higher Education
Bonnardel, V., Biddington, T., May, B., Jones, R., & Roffey, S. (2018) · Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice · doi:10.14297/jpaap.v6i3.362 · Cited by 7
Comparing the Effectiveness of Adolescent-Centered Mindfulness with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Emotion Regulation among Adolescents Girl with Nomo-Phobia
Davoudi, R., Manshaee, G., & Golparvar, M. (2019) · Journal of Health Promotion Managment · Cited by 7
Understanding Digital Wellbeing Through Smartphone Usage Intentions and Regrettable Patterns
Islambouli, R., Ingram, S., & Gillet, D. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI) · doi:10.1109/ichi61247.2024.00061 · Cited by 8
“Various studies used this approach to study the relationship between smartphone usage and anxiety [29], depression [30], academic performance [31], and digital addiction [32].”
Background
Digital generation: the association between daily smartphone app use and well-being
Schenkel, K., Nußbeck, F. W., Kerkhoff, D., Scholz, U., Keller, J., & Radtke, T. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2406255 · Cited by 6
“Content-based consumption of media is covered by process use, e.g. reading the daily news (Elhai et al. 2017b; Elhai et al. 2018a).”
Exploring the prevalence of nomophobia in a Canadian university: An environmental scan
Sui, A., Sui, W., & Irwin, J. D. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2070712 · Cited by 6
“7 When individuals experience a chronic and heavy reliance on their smartphones, social disengagement 8 and sleep disturbances 9 may occur as frequent phone checking disrupts the natural flow of these activities.”
Background
International Journal of Depression and Anxiety
(2019) · doi:10.23937/ijda-2017 · Cited by 6
Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer‐pathology model
Hayashi, Y. (2023) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.900 · Cited by 6
The Influence of Emotional State on Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency in College Students: The Mediation Role of Regulatory Emotion Self-efficacy
Fu, G., Liu, J., & Liu, H. (2020) · International Journal of Contemporary Education · doi:10.11114/ijce.v3i1.4764 · Cited by 5
“But other study also showed that a high degree of depression was related to the less use of mobile phones because severe depression tended to social avoidance (Elhai et al., 2018).”
Intolerance of uncertainty and smartphone addiction: mediating effects of reappraisal, suppression and rumination
Çorak, T. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09034-4 · Cited by 4
“Indeed, findings regarding these strategies are partially consistent with inconsistent findings in the literature (Elhai et al., 2018 ; Gong & Liu, 2023; Wanqing et al., 2022 ).”
Uncovering the associations between different motivations and the heterogeneity of problematic smartphone use: a person-centered perspective
Shen, X., Zhou, X., King, D. L., & Wang, J. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06488-2 · Cited by 5
Turkish adaptation of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS)
Bilge, Y., Bi̇lge, Y., & Sezgin, E. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1169932 · Cited by 4
Smartphone und Depression: Ursache oder Therapie?
Spitzer, M. (2018) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1631165 · Cited by 4
Islam dan Piranti Manusia Modern di Era Digitalisasi : Kajian Konstruk Pendidikan Islam
Zaini, Z., & Nisak, S. K. (2021) · TADRIS Jurnal Pendidikan Islam · doi:10.19105/tjpi.v16i2.4972 · Cited by 4
Predicting Mental Health Outcomes Using Wearable Device Data and Machine Learning
Suryawanshi, N. S. (2024) · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt21mar587 · Cited by 5
Counting Blue(tooth) Cars: Assessing Cellphone Use Among Vehicle Drivers in the Midwestern USA
Kruger, D. J., Falbo, M., Gazoul, C., Cole, E., Nader, N., Blanchard, S., Duan, A., Murphy, S. F., Juhasz, D., Saunders, C., et al. (2018) · Human ethology bulletin · doi:10.22330/heb/332/048-057 · Cited by 4
Associations between smartphone use and mental disorders in college students: a systematic review
Santos, R. M. S., de Oliveira, G. B., Fernandes, F. M., Ventura, S. D. A., Romano‐Silva, M. A., & de Miranda, D. M. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20244130 · Cited by 4
A Longitudinal Analysis of Mobile Phone Dependence in Chinese Adolescents: The Risk and Promotive Factors of Mobile Phone Dependence Trajectories
王, 星. (2021) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2021.111002 · Cited by 3
Association of General Health, Quality of Sleep, Overuse of Cell Phone, Social Networks and Internet Addiction among Medical Sciences Students
Wahid, E., Khalil, S., Ali, A., Khan, M. S., Intikhab, M., Ali, M., & Sohail, N. U. A. (2025) · The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.55735/dm377112 · Cited by 3
A scoping review of the association between smartphone use and mental health among college students
Jeff, C., Jordan L, K., & Daniel, M. (2020) · International Journal of Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.23937/2643-4059/1710022 · Cited by 3
Studying Psychopathology in Relation to Smartphone Use: From Self-reports to Objectively Measured Smartphone Use Behavior
Rozgonjuk, D., Elhai, J. D., & Hall, B. J. (2022) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98546-2_14 · Cited by 4
Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Sensor Placement for Measuring Screen Time of Children
Willis, E. A., Hales, D. P., Smith, F., Burney, R. V., El-Zaatari, H., Rzepka, M. C., Amft, O., Barr, R., Evenson, K. R., Kosorok, M. R., et al. (2022) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000214 · Cited by 3
Maladaptive emotion regulation and neutralization techniques among struggling multiplayer online battle arena players
Tan, W.-K., & Chang, Y.-C. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05731-0 · Cited by 3
“…effects include depression (Yalcınkaya-Alkar, 2020), peer problems (Melero et al., 2021), appearance dissat-isfaction (McComb & Mills, 2021), stress (Bakir-Demir et al., 2021), problematic smartphone usage (Elhai et al., 2018), and addictive behaviors (Coyne et al., 2021; Horwood & Anglim, 2021).”
SocialText: A Framework for Understanding the Relationship Between Digital Communication Patterns and Mental Health
Mendu, S., Boukhechba, M., Baglione, A. N., Baee, S., Wu, C., & Barnes, L. E. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC) · doi:10.1109/icosc.2019.8665567 · Cited by 3
“By using SocialText to identify similar studies, such as [9] and [11], researchers can streamline the process of creating new methodological approaches from the best aspects of existing”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Maternal Mobile Device Use and Mealtime Interactions With Children
Radesky, J. S., Weeks, H. M., McCaffery, H., Kaciroti, N., Lumeng, J. C., & Miller, A. L. (2024) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001317 · Cited by 2
Level of Insomnia, Symptoms of Depression, and Anxiety among College Students with Mobile Phone Addiction: Basis for Guidance and Counseling Program Enhancement
He, X., & Lopez, E. R. (2023) · Open Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.4236/ojapps.2023.1310130 · Cited by 2
Is childhood emotional neglect associated with problematic smartphone use among adolescents? The mediating role of rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms
Gao, T., Yang, L., Wei, X., Zhang, L., & Lei, L. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06315-8 · Cited by 4
“Furthermore, according to the compensation internet theory (Kardefelt-Winther, 2014 ), depressive symptoms may drive adolescents to overuse their smartphones to relieve their negative feelings, eventually leading to the development of PSU (Elhai et al., 2018 ).”
The Effect of Children’s Negative Automatic Thoughts on Their Problematic Smartphone Use: The Moderating Effect of Weekend Family Rituals
Kim, D., & Jahng, K. E. (2021) · Korean Journal of Child Studies · doi:10.5723/kjcs.2021.42.5.601 · Cited by 2
“다음으로 스마트폰 의존에 영향을 미치는 아동의 개인적 특성으로는 아동의 우울(Elhai et al., 2018; S. Hwang & Lee, 2018; Jin & Shin, 2016), 외로움(Byun & Kweon, 2014; Yuh, 2016), 자아존중감(Bianchi & Phillips, 2005; Jang, Kim, Choi, & Lee, 2013; D. Kim & Jahng, 2019; H. N. Lee & Kim, 2018) 등이 연구됐다.”
Dependência do smartphone: relação entre procrastinação, saúde geral e valores humanos
Soares, A. K. S., Barros, R. C. F., Rezende, A. T., & Ribeiro, M. G. C. (2023) · Quaderns de Psicologia · doi:10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1834 · Cited by 5
Problematic online anime (animation) use: It's relationship with viewers' satisfaction with life, emotions, and emotion regulation
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“Research provides validity to such claims by showing that loneliness directly affects public health, causing an increased risk of mortality [5], cancer [6], high blood pressure [7], anxiety [8], and depression [9].”
BackgroundMethod
Personality and Individual Differences
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.006 · Cited by 2
Smartphone Usage
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.003 · Cited by 2
Síndrome de FOMO: síntese, fundamentos teóricos e revisão da literatura sobre relações com a gravidade da afetividade negativa e o uso problemático da tecnologia
Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., & Montag, C. (2022) · Debates em Psiquiatria · doi:10.25118/2763-9037.2022.v12.457 · Cited by 2
Smart youth: sociodemographic factors, usage patterns, and self-reported vs. actual smartphone addiction among secondary school studentsPreprint
Rękas, M., & Burzyńska, J. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.04.17.24305981 · Cited by 2
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Elahi, F., Mojahedi, M., Salehiniya, H., & Raeisoon, M. R. (2023) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-023-00353-x · Cited by 1
“Sometimes, it is defined as mobile phone addiction [6], sometimes as problematic use of mobile phones [7], and sometimes as objective smart-phone use [8].”
Background
Burden or refuge? Understanding predictors of smartphone burden and refuge
Holte, A. J., Cooper, J., & Nixon, A., II (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06869-7 · Cited by 4
“Previous works have found that individuals cope with anxiety (Rozgonjuk et al., 2018), depression (Elhai et al., 2018b ; Rozgonjuk et al., 2018), and stress (Flynn et al., 2020) by using their smartphone.”
Influential
Construction and validation of the motives for smartphone use questionnaire
Sullivan, B. M., George, A. M., & Rickwood, D. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00006 · Cited by 1
“Usage 5 smartphone usage (Elhai et al., 2018).”
Influential
Bidirectional Longitudinal Associations Between Emotional Regulation, Perceived Stress, and Multiple Indices of Smartphone Use Among Young-Adult Women
Modica, C. A., & Bailey, K. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2594151 · Cited by 1
“We located one study (Elhai et al., 2018) that investigated these associations in a longitudinal fashion via objective smartphone metrics, however this study did not account for bi-directional effects.”
Influential
The Relationship Among Gambling Addiction, Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety in Individuals Who Trade Cryptocurrencies
Karadağ, Ö. M., & Çokluk, G. F. (2025) · Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.35365/ctjpp.25.4.02 · Cited by 1
Escape into Social Media? A 4-Week Tracking Study on Nomophobia and Smartphone Coping
Li, J., Chu, Y., Liu, S., Liu, Y., & Xu, J. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14091125 · Cited by 1
“This suggests that they may rely heavily on their smartphones to manage negative emotions [42].”
Mindful Phone Use
Weissinger, G. (2019) · Journal of international women's studies · Cited by 1
Avaliação da interferência de uma abordagem educativa sobre o uso do smartphone por mestrandos da área da saúde
Loureiro, L. D., Zanin, L., & Flório, F. M. (2021) · ETD - Educação Temática Digital · doi:10.20396/etd.v23i4.8658174 · Cited by 1
Interaction Between Health Self-Efficacy and Race on Self-Reported Health Status
Berardi, J., Jobson, E., & Reinka, M. A. (2022) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.2.99 · Cited by 1
Using browser data to understand desires to spend time online.
McCrosky, J. D., Parry, D. A., Sewall, C. J. R., & Orben, A. C. (2023) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000095 · Cited by 1
A Systematic Review of the Event-Driven Activities in Social Applications
Mostfa, A. A., Yaseen, D. S., & Sharkawy, A. (2023) · SVU-International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Applications · doi:10.21608/svusrc.2023.208893.1122 · Cited by 1
“[25] ‘Moment’ apps Investigate smartphone usage among college students and mobile usage”
Background

Authors: Elhai, J. D., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W., Levine, J. C., Picard, K. J., & Hall, B. J.
Affiliations: University of Toledo (US)
Nebraska Medical Center (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Hall, Brian J.
ORCID: Elhai, Jon D.
Weeks, Justin W.
Levine, Jason C.
Hall, Brian J.
Venue: Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-10
Volume: 133
Pages: 21-28
ISSN: 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.051
OpenAlex: W2608175373
Cited by: 232
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 17
FWCI: 71.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Keywords: smartphone use, depression, emotion regulation, expressive suppression, psychopathology, university students

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Depression and emotion regulation predict objective smartphone use measured over one week

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