Social media use, personality characteristics, and social isolation among young adults in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Although increased social media use (SMU) has been linearly associated with increased real-life social isolation (SI), it is unknown whether these associations differ by personality characteristics. With a nationally-representative sample of 1,768 U.S. young adults aged 19-32, we assessed SI using a 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scale, and personality using the 10-item Big Five Inventory. Using ordered logistic regression, we evaluated multivariable associations between SMU, personality characteristics, and SI. Extraversion and agreeableness were associated with lower odds of SI, while neuroticism was associated with higher odds. A significant interaction term demonstrated that the association between SMU and SI differed by conscientiousness. Among those with low conscientiousness, compared with the lowest quartile of SMU, those in the highest quartile had more than three times the odds (AOR=3.20, 95% CI=1.99, 5.15) for increased SI, but there was no significant association among the high conscientiousness group. Interaction terms between SMU and the other four personality characteristics were not significant. Conscientious individuals may approach social media in a way that helps maintain good face-to-face social interactions, reducing perceived SI.
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Empirical research suggests that personality and social media use motives are important contributory factors for problematic social media use.
“In addition to theoretical frameworks, empirical research also suggests that some variables are more important contributory factors for PSMU including personality (Andreassen et al. 2013;Whaite et al. 2018) and social media use motives (Chen and Kim 2013;Floros and Siomos 2013;Kircaburun et al. 2018).”
From Trait Emotional Intelligence and Problematic Social Media Use Among Adults: The Mediating Role of Social Media Use Motives (2019) · cites this paper as Whaite et al. 2018
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- Authors
- Whaite, E. O., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Primack, Brian A.
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 124
- Pages
- 45-50
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC13309234
- OpenAlex
- W2777917538
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 20.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA140150)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- social media use, social isolation, personality, Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, young adults, face-to-face social interaction
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