From Framingham to North Karelia
Abstract
The Framingham study was a landmark study that, already in the 1960s, gave strong evidence as to the likely causal role of several lifestyle-linked factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Men in Finland had at that time the highest mortality rates of coronary heart disease in the world, a finding that raised much local concern. In 1972, a pioneering project by a young leadership team and with many partners, including World Health Organization, was started to change the situation. The project was based on the results for Framingham and some other classical studies to carry out a comprehensive prevention program to reduce the risk factor levels in the population through general lifestyle changes in the pilot area of North Karelia. Later on, the work was transferred to national level. Over the years, great reductions in the population levels of the risk factors took place, associated with dramatic reduction in age-adjusted CVD mortality rates and improvement in public health. The experience of diminishing the prevalence of risk factors in the population is a powerful demonstration of how the CVD epidemic can be successfully confronted-thatis, how the Framingham results can effectively be used for major progress in public health.
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Where total cholesterol and LDL-C are elevated at baseline, a statistical effect is evident following exercise, but the magnitude of the changes may not be clinically important.
“However, where TC and LDL-C are elevated at baseline, a statistical effect is evident following exercise but the magnitude of the changes may not be clinically important [141, 142].”
From Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
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- Authors
- Puska, P.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Puska, Pekka
- ORCID
- Puska, Pekka
- Venue
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-20
- ISSN
- 0033-0620 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W203190679
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- Framingham Heart Study, North Karelia Project, cardiovascular disease prevention, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle modification, cardiovascular mortality reduction, public health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Finland, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, National Health Programs, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Population Surveillance, Public Health, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Global Health, Risk Assessment, Evidence-Based Medicine, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century
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