Factors of Risk in the Development of Coronary Heart Disease—Six-Year Follow-up Experience: The Framingham Study
Abstract
Article1 July 1961Factors of Risk in the Development of Coronary Heart Disease—Six-Year Follow-up ExperienceThe Framingham StudyWILLIAM B. KANNEL, M.D., THOMAS R. DAWBER, M.D., F.A.C.P., ABRAHAM KAGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., NICHOLAS REVOTSKIE, M.D., JOSEPH STOKES III, M.D.WILLIAM B. KANNEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS R. DAWBER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ABRAHAM KAGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, NICHOLAS REVOTSKIE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH STOKES III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-55-1-33 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIncreasingly reliable estimates of the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) emphasize the importance of this disease as a contemporary health hazard. Cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of death, with coronary heart disease accounting for two-thirds of all heart disease deaths. While advances in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of CHD have been made in the past decade, no important reduction in morbidity and mortality from CHD has occurred. This is apparent in the relatively slight increase in life expectancy at age 40 which has been achieved in the past several decades, while life expectancy at...References1. DAWBERMOOREMANN TRFEGV: II. Coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. Amer. J. Public Health 47: 4, 1957. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. DAWBERMEADORSMOORE TRGFFE: Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: the Framingham Study. Amer. J. Public Health 41: 279, 1951. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. DAWBERMOORE TRFE: Longitudinal study of heart disease in Framingham, Massachusetts. An interim report: research in public health. 1951 Annual Conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund. Milbank Mem. Fund Quart. 1952. Google Scholar4. DAWBERKANNEL TRWB: An epidemiological study of heart disease: the Framingham Study. Nutr. Rev. 16: 1, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GORDONMOORESHURTLEFFDAWBER TFEDTR: Some methodologic problems in the long-term study of cardiovascular disease: observations on the Framingham Study. J. Chron. Dis. 10: 186, 1959. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. DAWBERKANNELREVOTSKIESTOKESKAGANGORDON TRWBNJAT: Some factors associated with the development of coronary heart disease. Six years' follow-up experience in the Framingham Study. Amer. J. Public Health 49: 1349, 1959. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels, Criteria Committee of the N. Y. Heart Association, 5th Ed., New York, 1953. Google Scholar8. ABELLLEVYBRODIEKENDALL LLBBBBFE: A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and the demonstration of its specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 195: 357, 1952. 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CORNFIELDGORDONSMITH JTW: Quantal response curves for experimentally uncontrolled variables. Proceedings of the 32nd Session of the International Statistical Institute, Tokyo, 1960. To be published. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Framingham, MassachusettsReceived for publication April 19, 1961.From the Heart Disease Epidemiology Study, Framingham, Mass., and the National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D. C.Presented at the Forty-second Annual Session, The American College of Physicians, May 8-12, 1961, Bal Harbour, Fla.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Thomas R. Dawber, M.D., F.A.C.P., Medical Director, Heart Disease Epidemiology Study, 25 Evergreen St., Framingham, Mass. 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Epidemiological evidence shows that diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.
“Epidemiological evidence shows that diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of CVD [7,11,12,13,14,15,16]”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
High blood pressure also had stroke as a major consequence.
“A few years later they noted that stroke was also a major consequence of high blood pressure.27”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
Framingham investigators established a link between systolic blood pressure and stroke.
“In addition to establishing the link between systolic blood pressure and stroke,27 investigators showed that the risk of stroke from hypertension was even greater than the conferred risk for coronary heart disease.43”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
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AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF HEART DISEASE: THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY
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- Authors
- KANNEL, W. B., DAWBER, T. R., KAGAN, A., REVOTSKIE, N., & STOKES, J.
- Affiliations
- Framingham, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author
- KANNEL, WILLIAM B.
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 1961-07-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-50
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W2090443364
- Cited by
- 1,837
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 37.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- coronary artery disease, risk factors, Framingham Heart Study, incidence, mortality, cardiovascular disease, life expectancy, six-year follow-up, cardiovascular risk prediction, cardiovascular disease incidence, cardiovascular disease prevalence, cardiovascular morbidity
- MeSH terms
- Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Risk
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