Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of interventions addressing caregiver distress and burden among cancer caregivers
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Informal caregivers (ICs) are vital to supportive cancer care and assisting cancer patients, but this caregiving burden is associated with significant distress. While addressing caregiving, it is important to explore if the caregivers are receiving care they need. Evaluating interventions that address burden and distress is integral to targeting ICs needs. This study evaluated interventions addressing IC burden and distress. Methods: Randomized control trials (RCT) assessing interventions for IC burden and distress and exploring supportive care as an adjunct to the intervention were included. Six electronic databases were searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines through October 2021. Effect sizes were estimated, and risk of bias was assessed. Results: Of 678 studies, 11 were included. Most ICs were spouses, females, and white. Interventions included educational programs, cognitive behavioral treatment, and a telephone support program. Five studies utilized behavioral theories and seven included supportive care. Pooled results showed no significant effect on reducing caregiver distress (ES, -0.26, p<0.001). Conclusions: Caring for the caregiver with interventions for reducing burden and distress are not efficacious. Innovative, well-designed, more pragmatic RCTs are needed. Innovation: This study exclusively focused on interventions and supportive care needs for reducing distress and burden among cancer ICs.
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Nonpharmacologic interventions have been tested for distress, anxiety, and depression in patients with cancer and their caregivers.
“Nonpharmacologic interventions (NPIs) have been tested for distress, anxiety, and depression in patients with cancer and their caregivers. 9 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25”
From Nonpharmacologic interventions for managing distress, anxiety, and depression for patients with cancer and their family caregivers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results, Intervention characteristics section (page not provided) describes nonpharmacologic interventions tested for caregiver distress, anxiety, and depression. The paper discusses patient–caregiver interventions, but the cited passages do not establish that those interventions were tested for all three outcomes in patients with cancer as well as their caregivers. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProlonged and unmanaged psychological and physical burden may lead to psychological distress and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression that often co-occur with a cancer diagnosis.
“Prolonged and unmanaged psychological and physical burden may lead to psychological distress 9 , 10 and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression 11 that often co‐occur with a cancer diagnosis. 12 , 13 , 14”
From Nonpharmacologic interventions for managing distress, anxiety, and depression for patients with cancer and their family caregivers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction links the burden of caring for someone with cancer to physical and psychological distress and says informal caregivers may experience anxiety and depressive symptoms. It does not specify that the burden is prolonged or unmanaged, or establish how often those symptoms co-occur with a cancer diagnosis. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Spiritual intelligence and family caregivers’ self-efficacy in end-of-life: a cross-sectional study
Pinto, C., Coelho, Â., Castro, L., Nunes, R., & Pinto, S. (2026) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-026-02119-8
Caregiver burden in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dadoo, N. D., Prabha, P. K., Jena, A., Birda, C. L., Raut, S., Parajuli, S., Sharma, A., Medhi, B., Sebastian, S., & Sharma, V. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04703-2
Preparedness and mental stress among caregivers of cancer patientsPreprint
Naureen, T., Dalia, A., Barshan, A. D., Nahar, K., Monthahee, C. M., & Alam, S. M. S.-U. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9587985/v1
Kahraman, E. G., Kahya, Y., Taşkaynatan, H., & Ünal, O. Ü. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11062964/v1
- Authors
- Dhumal, T., Siddiqui, Z. A., Kelley, G. A., Harper, F., & Kelly, K. M.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, Kimberly M.
- Venue
- PEC Innovation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 100145
- ISSN
- 2772-6282 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10194362
- OpenAlex
- W4322743768
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PEC Innovation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- cancer caregivers, informal caregivers, caregiver burden, caregiver distress, caregiver interventions, supportive care, educational programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, telephone support, behavioral theory, intervention efficacy
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