Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions

Ren, Peng; Pei, Pucheng; Li, Yuehua; Wu, Ziyao; Chen, Dongfang; Huang, Shangwei

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100859

Cited by 737Fuel Cells and Related MaterialsElectrocatalysts for Energy ConversionElectric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies

Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions

Ren, Peng, Pei, Pucheng, Li, Yuehua, Wu, Ziyao, Chen, Dongfang, Huang, Shangwei·2020·Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100859

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Abstract The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is an ideal automotive power source with great potential, owing to its high efficiency and zero emissions. However, the durability and life-span limit its large-scale application. Complex automotive operating conditions significantly accelerate fuel cell aging, and result in diverse degradation mechanisms that require comprehensive understanding. This review focuses on three harsh conditions of open-circuit/idling, dynamic load, and startup-shutdown. In-situ and ex-situ accelerated stress tests (ASTs) for the three conditions are summarized in terms of methodology, research objectives, and conditions of application. Reversible decay may arise during ASTs and lead to an over-estimation of the aging state, of which the causes and recovery procedures are emphasized. The degradation mechanisms are elaborated systematically according to parameter characteristics, microstructure, and aging reactions. First, increased gas permeation and a high cathode potential during open-circuit/idling combine to intensify generation of free radicals that cause membrane degradation. Pt degradation and migration are also accelerated, characterized by increased Pt particle growth and precipitation in the membrane. The debate regarding the effect of Pt precipitation on membrane degradation is resolved based on a literature review. Second, dynamic load brings about changes in the thermal/humidity state, altered reactant demand, and potential cycling, which lead to mechanical degradation, gas starvation, and Pt particle growth, respectively. To account for the accelerated particle growth, electrochemical Ostwald ripening and increased Pt dissolution are reviewed. Third, an air/hydrogen boundary appears in the anode under startup-shutdown condition and causes carbon corrosion in the local cathode via the reverse current mechanism. The cathode thereby suffers from severe and non-uniform structural damage and even structural collapse, accompanied by Pt agglomeration and detachment. Meanwhile, difficulties in mass transfer arise because of ionomer redistribution, decreased porosity, and carbon surface hydrophilization. In addition, cold start produces severe damage to component structures. This paper seeks to guide further investigation into improved fuel cell durability via mechanism analysis, condition optimization, control strategy development, structural design of the membrane electrode assembly, and component material development.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100859

Cites

410 of 410 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

At the anode, reactive oxygen species are likely to be generated under inappropriate operation (e.g., H2 starvation, start-up/shut-down and reversal), leading to aggressive material degradation (e.g., membrane and ionomer).
“at the anode, reactive oxygen species are likely to be generated under inappropriate operation (e.g., H 2 starvation, start-up/ shut-down and reversal), leading to aggressive material degradation (e.g., membrane and ionomer) [22].”
From Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2023) · cites this paper as [22]

1 retracted

RETRACTED: A review of composite and metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Materials, fabrication, and material selection
Taherian, R. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.081 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Retracted
Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications
Bard, A. J., & Faulkner, L. R. (1980) · Cited by 22,436 · see citing works
Electrocatalyst approaches and challenges for automotive fuel cells
Debe, M. K. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11115 · Cited by 5,885 · see citing works
Fuel Cell Systems Explained
Dicks, A. L., & Rand, D. A. J. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118706992 · Cited by 4,227 · see citing works
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Model
Springer, T. E., Zawodzinski, T. A., & Gottesfeld, S. (1991) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2085971 · Cited by 3,528 · see citing works
Scientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and Degradation
Borup, R. L., Meyers, J. P., Pivovar, B. S., Kim, Y. S., Mukundan, R., Garland, N., Myers, D. J., Wilson, M. S., Garzón, F. H., Wood, D. L., et al. (2007) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr050182l · Cited by 3,412 · see citing works
A review of PEM fuel cell durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies
Wu, J., Yuan, X. Z., Martin, J. J., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Wu, S., & Merida, W. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.006 · Cited by 1,587 · see citing works
Instability of Pt∕C Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Ferreira, P. J., la O’, G. J., Shao‐Horn, Y., Morgan, D. D., Makharia, R. R., Kocha, S. S., & Gasteiger, H. A. (2005) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2050347 · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
Sintering of Catalytic Nanoparticles: Particle Migration or Ostwald Ripening?
Hansen, T. W., Delariva, A. T., Challa, S. R., & Datye, A. K. (2013) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar3002427 · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works
Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Jiao, K., & Li, X. (2011) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2010.06.002 · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works
Review: Durability and Degradation Issues of PEM Fuel Cell Components
de Bruijn, F. A., Dam, V. A. T., & Janssen, G. J. M. (2008) · Fuel Cells · doi:10.1002/fuce.200700053 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
A Reverse-Current Decay Mechanism for Fuel Cells
Reiser, C., Bregoli, L. J., Patterson, T. W., Yi, J. S., Yang, J., Perry, M. L., & Jarvi, T. D. (2005) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1896466 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Instability of Supported Platinum Nanoparticles in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells
Shao‐Horn, Y., Sheng, W., Chen, S., Ferreira, P. J., Holby, E. F., & Morgan, D. D. (2007) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-007-9000-0 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells
Sui, S., Wang, X., Zhou, X., Su, Y., Riffat, S., & Liu, C.-J. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c6ta08580f · Cited by 916 · see citing works
A review of the main parameters influencing long-term performance and durability of PEM fuel cells
Schmittinger, W., & Vahidi, A. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.070 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
A review on production, storage of hydrogen and its utilization as an energy resource
Dutta, S. (2014) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.07.037 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Advanced materials for improved PEMFC performance and life
Curtin, D. E., Lousenberg, R. D., Henry, T. J., Tangeman, P. C., & Tisack, M. E. (2004) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.023 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Carbon support oxidation in PEM fuel cell cathodes
Maass, S., Finsterwalder, F., Frank, G. T., Hartmann, R., & Merten, C. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.053 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Hydrogen: Trends, production and characterization of the main process worldwide
Veras, T. D. S., Mozer, T. S., dos Santos, D. D. C. R. M., & César, A. D. S. (2016) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.219 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Kinetic Model of Platinum Dissolution in PEMFCs
Darling, R. M., & Meyers, J. P. (2003) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1613669 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
A review of platinum-based catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Zhang, S., Yuan, X., Hin, J. N. C., Wang, H., Friedrich, K. A., & Schulze, M. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.073 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Electrocatalytic Corrosion of Carbon Support in PEMFC Cathodes
Roen, L. M., Paik, C. H., & Jarvi, T. D. (2003) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1630412 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Main factors affecting the lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications: A review
Pei, P., & Chen, H. (2014) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.048 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gas crossover and membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Inaba, M., Kinumoto, T., Kiriake, M., Umebayashi, R., Tasaka, A., & Ogumi, Z. (2006) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.008 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Characterization of Vulcan Electrochemically Oxidized under Simulated PEM Fuel Cell Conditions
Kangasniemi, K., Condit, D. A., & Jarvi, T. D. (2004) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1649756 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Steric effects in the dynamics of electrolytes at large applied voltages. II. Modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations
Kilic, M. S., Bazant, M. Z., & Ajdari, A. (2007) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.75.021503 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Weber, A. Z., Borup, R. L., Darling, R. M., Das, P. K., Dursch, T. J., Gu, W., Harvey, D., Kusoglu, A., Litster, S., Mench, M. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0751412jes · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Degradation Mechanisms of Pt/C Fuel Cell Catalysts under Simulated Start–Stop Conditions
Meier, J. C., Galeano, C., Katsounaros, I., Topalov, A. A., Kostka, A., Schüth, F., & Mayrhofer, K. J. J. (2012) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs300024h · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts
Meier, J. C., Galeano, C., Katsounaros, I., Witte, J., Bongard, H. J., Topalov, A. A., Baldizzone, C., Mezzavilla, S., Schüth, F., & Mayrhofer, K. J. J. (2014) · Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology · doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Analysis of electrocatalyst degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during fuel starvation
Taniguchi, A., Akita, T., Yasuda, K., & Miyazaki, Y. (2004) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.035 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
A review of accelerated stress tests of MEA durability in PEM fuel cells
ZHANG, S., YUAN, X., WANG, H., MERIDA, W., ZHU, H., SHEN, J., WU, S., & ZHANG, J. (2009) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.012 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
A quick evaluating method for automotive fuel cell lifetime
PEI, P., Chang, Q., & TANG, T. (2008) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.04.048 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citation
PEM fuel cell cathode carbon corrosion due to the formation of air/fuel boundary at the anode
Tang, H., Qi, Z., Ramani, M., & Elter, J. F. (2005) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.059 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Lifetime prediction and the economic lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells
Chen, H., Pei, P., & Song, M. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.062 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citation
Towards a comprehensive understanding of platinum dissolution in acidic media
Topalov, A. A., Cherevko, S., Žeradjanin, A. R., Meier, J. C., Katsounaros, I., & Mayrhofer, K. J. J. (2013) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c3sc52411f · Cited by 473 · see citing works
A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability for vehicular applications: Degradation modes and experimental techniques
Zhao, J. F., & Li, X. (2019) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112022 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Current understanding of chemical degradation mechanisms of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes and their mitigation strategies: a review
Zatoń, M., Rozière, J., & Jones, D. J. (2017) · Sustainable Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1039/c7se00038c · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Carbon Corrosion in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Effect of the Carbon Structure, the Degradation Protocol, and the Gas Atmosphere
Castanheira, L., da Silva, W. O., Lima, F. H. B., Crisci, A., Dubau, L., & Maillard, F. M. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs501973j · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Dissolution of Platinum: Limits for the Deployment of Electrochemical Energy Conversion?
Topalov, A. A., Katsounaros, I., Auinger, M., Cherevko, S., Meier, J. C., Klemm, S. O., & Mayrhofer, K. J. J. (2012) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201207256 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
A review of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation under start-stop operating condition
Zhang, T., Wang, P., Chen, H., & Pei, P. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.049 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nafion degradation in PEFCs from end plate iron contamination
Pozio, A., Silva, R. F., Francesco, M. D., & Giorgi, L. (2003) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00026-4 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability
Büchi, F. N., Inaba, M., & Schmidt, T. J. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85536-3 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Fuel Cell Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Membrane Degradation Correlating Accelerated Stress Testing and Lifetime
Rodgers, M. P., Bonville, L. J., Kunz, H. R., Slattery, D. K., & Fenton, J. M. (2012) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200424d · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Diagnostic tools in PEM fuel cell research: Part I Electrochemical techniques
Wu, J., Yuan, X., WANG, H., BLANCO, M., MARTIN, J., & Zhang, J. J. (2008) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.01.013 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Platinum dissolution and deposition in the polymer electrolyte membrane of a PEM fuel cell as studied by potential cycling
Yasuda, K., Taniguchi, A., Akita, T., Ioroi, T., & Siroma, Z. (2005) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/b514342j · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Durability of platinum-based fuel cell electrocatalysts: Dissolution of bulk and nanoscale platinum
Cherevko, S., Kulyk, N., & Mayrhofer, K. J. J. (2016) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.03.005 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Fuel cell catalyst degradation on the nanoscale
Mayrhofer, K. J. J., Meier, J. C., Ashton, S., Wiberg, G. K. H., Kraus, F., Hanzlik, M., & Arenz, M. (2008) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.032 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Theory and simulation of Ostwald ripening
Yao, J. H., Elder, K. R., Hong, G., & Grant, M. (1993) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.47.14110 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability test protocols
Yuan, X., Li, H., Zhang, S., Martin, J. J., & Wang, H. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.07.082 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Luo, Y., & Jiao, K. (2017) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2017.10.003 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Multi-phase models for water and thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A review
Zhang, G., & Jiao, K. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.071 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
The reactant starvation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicular applications: A review
Chen, H., Zhao, X. Y., Zhang, T., & Pei, P. (2019) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.049 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Self-citation
Carbon Corrosion in PEM Fuel Cells and the Development of Accelerated Stress Tests
Macauley, N., Papadias, D. D., Fairweather, J. D., Spernjak, D., Langlois, D. A., Ahluwalia, R., More, K. L., Mukundan, R., & Borup, R. L. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0061806jes · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Membrane and Catalyst Performance Targets for Automotive Fuel Cells by FCCJ Membrane, Catalyst, MEA WG
Ohma, A., Shinohara, K., Iiyama, A., Yoshida, T., & Daimaru, A. (2011) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.3635611 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Radical (HO • , H • and HOO • ) Formation and Ionomer Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Gubler, L., Dockheer, S. M., & Koppenol, W. H. (2011) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3581040 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Degradations analysis and aging modeling for health assessment and prognostics of PEMFC
Jouin, M., Gouriveau, R., Hissel, D., Péra, M., & Noureddine Zerhouni, A. (2015) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.12.003 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Pt nanoparticle stability in PEM fuel cells: influence of particle size distribution and crossover hydrogen
Holby, E. F., Sheng, W., Shao‐Horn, Y., & Morgan, D. D. (2009) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/b821622n · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Effect of Voltage on Platinum Dissolution
Wang, X. P., Kumar, R., & Myers, D. J. (2006) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.2180536 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
A review of the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Durability and degradation
Park, J., Oh, H., Ha, T., Lee, Y., & Min, K. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.06.068 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Extended Kalman Filter for prognostic of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Bressel, M., Hilairet, M., Hissel, D., & Bouamama, B. O. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.071 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Degradation Study of MEA for PEMFCs under Low Humidity Conditions
Endoh, E., Terazono, S., Widjaja, H., & Takimoto, Y. (2004) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1739314 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
A review on performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during startup and shutdown processes: Causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies
Yu, Y., Li, H., Wang, H., Yuan, X., Wang, G., & Pan, M. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.059 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Electrochemical Ostwald Ripening of Colloidal Ag Particles on Conductive Substrates
Redmond, P. L., Hallock, A. J., & Brus, L. E. (2004) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl048204r · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Sustainable development of road transportation sector using hydrogen energy system
Salvi, B. L., & Subramanian, K. A. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.030 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Multi-objective energy management optimization and parameter sizing for proton exchange membrane hybrid fuel cell vehicles
Hu, Z., Li, J., Xu, L., Song, Z., Fang, C., Ouyang, M., Dou, G. W., & Kou, G. (2016) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.09.082 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Mechanical behavior of fuel cell membranes under humidity cycles and effect of swelling anisotropy on the fatigue stresses
Kusoglu, A., Karlsson, A. M., Santare, M. H., Cleghorn, S., & Johnson, W. B. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.063 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
A review on prognostics and health monitoring of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Sutharssan, T., Montalvão, D., Chen, Y., Wang, W.-C., Pisac, C., & Elemara, H. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.009 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Barriers of scaling-up fuel cells: Cost, durability and reliability
Wang, J. (2014) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.007 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Effect of sub-freezing temperatures on a PEM fuel cell performance, startup and fuel cell components
Yan, Q., Toghiani, H., Lee, Y.-W., Liang, K., & Causey, H. (2006) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.075 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Analysis of the control strategies for fuel saving in the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Hameş, Y., Kaya, K., Baltacıoğlu, E., & Türksoy, A. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.150 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Detection of Pt[sup z+] Ions and Pt Nanoparticles Inside the Membrane of a Used PEMFC
Guilminot, É., Corcella, A., Charlot, F., Maillard, F. M., & Chatenet, M. (2006) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2388863 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
PEM Fuel Cell Pt∕C Dissolution and Deposition in Nafion Electrolyte
Bi, W., Gray, G. E., & Fuller, T. F. (2007) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.2712796 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
PEM fuel cell open circuit voltage (OCV) in the temperature range of 23°C to 120°C
Zhang, J., Tang, Y., Song, C., Zhang, J. J., & Wang, H. (2006) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.026 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Ostwald ripening in a Pt/SiO2 model catalyst studied by in situ TEM
Simonsen, S. B., Chorkendorff, I., Dahl, S., Skoglundh, M., Sehested, J., & Helveg, S. (2011) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2011.04.011 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Three-dimensional multi-phase simulation of PEMFC at high current density utilizing Eulerian-Eulerian model and two-fluid model
Zhang, G., & Jiao, K. (2018) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.031 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Carbon nanotube architectures as catalyst supports for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Zhang, W., Sherrell, P. C., Minett, A. I., Razal, J. M., & Chen, J. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c0ee00139b · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Analysis of degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during air starvation
Taniguchi, A., Akita, T., Yasuda, K., & MIYAZAKI, Y. (2008) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.02.049 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
3D Imaging of Catalyst Support Corrosion in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Schulenburg, H., Schwanitz, B., Linse, N., Scherer, G. G., Wokaun, A. J., Krbanjevic, J., Grothausmann, R., & Manke, I. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp203016u · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Damage to the Cathode Catalyst of a PEM Fuel Cell Caused by Localized Fuel Starvation
Patterson, T. W., & Darling, R. M. (2006) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.2167930 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells
Ioroi, T., Siroma, Z., Yamazaki, S., & Yasuda, K. (2018) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201801284 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Effect of Agglomeration of Pt/C Catalyst on Hydrogen Peroxide Formation
Inaba, M., Yamada, H., Tokunaga, J., & Tasaka, A. (2004) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1814595 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Chemical Degradation of Nafion Membranes under Mimic Fuel Cell Conditions as Investigated by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
Ghassemzadeh, L., Kreuer, K., Maier, J., & Müller, K. (2010) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp102533v · Cited by 224 · see citing works
A review of durability test protocols of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle
Chen, H., Song, Z. Y., Zhao, X. Y., Zhang, T., Pei, P., & Liang, C. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.050 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multi-phase simulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with 3D fine mesh flow field
Zhang, G., Xie, B., Bao, Z., Niu, Z., & Jiao, K. (2018) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.4215 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Effect of contaminants on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Zamel, N., & Li, X. (2010) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2010.06.003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Membrane and Active Layer Degradation upon PEMFC Steady-State Operation
Guilminot, É., Corcella, A., Chatenet, M., Maillard, F. M., Charlot, F., Berthomé, G., Iojoiu, C., Sanchez, J., Rossinot, E., & Claude, E. (2007) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2775218 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Statistic analysis of operational influences on the cold start behaviour of PEM fuel cells
Oszcipok, M., Riemann, D., Kronenwett, U., Kreideweis, M., & Zedda, M. (2005) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.058 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Mechanical failure and mitigation strategies for the membrane in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Qiu, D., Peng, L., Lai, X., Ni, M., & Lehnert, W. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109289 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
In Situ Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in PEM Fuel Cells
Liu, W., & Zuckerbrod, D. (2005) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1904988 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Comparative degradation study of carbon supported proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts – The influence of the platinum to carbon ratio on the degradation rate
Speder, J., Zana, A., Spanos, I., Kirkensgaard, J. J. K., Mortensen, K., Hanzlik, M., & Arenz, M. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.039 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The Impact of Carbon Stability on PEM Fuel Cell Startup and Shutdown Voltage Degradation
Yu, P. T., Gu, W., Makharia, R. R., Wagner, F. T., & Gasteiger, H. A. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2356199 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Surface oxidation of carbon supports due to potential cycling under PEM fuel cell conditions
Avasarala, B., Moore, R., & Haldar, P. (2010) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.056 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Large-scale multi-phase simulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Zhang, G., Xie, X., Xie, B., Du, Q., & Jiao, K. (2019) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.10.122 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Characterizing the Structural Degradation in a PEMFC Cathode Catalyst Layer: Carbon Corrosion
Young, A. P., Stumper, J., & Gyenge, E. L. (2009) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3139963 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Physical Theory of Platinum Nanoparticle Dissolution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Rinaldo, S. G., Stumper, J., & Eikerling, M. H. (2010) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp9101509 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
System integration, durability and reliability of fuel cells: Challenges and solutions
Wang, J. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.083 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Effect of Relative Humidity on Oxygen Reduction Kinetics in a PEMFC
Neyerlin, K. C., Gasteiger, H. A., Mittelsteadt, C. K., Jorné, J., & Gu, W. (2005) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1897368 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Effect of Hydrogen and Oxygen Partial Pressure on Pt Precipitation within the Membrane of PEMFCs
Zhang, J., Litteer, B. A., Gu, W., Liu, H., & Gasteiger, H. A. (2007) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2764240 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
AC impedance characteristics of a 2kW PEM fuel cell stack under different operating conditions and load changes
Yan, X. C., Hou, M., Sun, L., LIANG, D., SHEN, Q., Xu, H., Ming, P., & Yi, B. (2007) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.06.024 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
In Situ and Operando Characterization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Meyer, Q. P.-G., Zeng, Y., & Zhao, C. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201901900 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Cathode Loading Impact on Voltage Cycling Induced PEMFC Degradation: A Voltage Loss Analysis
Harzer, G. S., Schwämmlein, J. N., Damjanović, A. M., Ghosh, S., & Gasteiger, H. A. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0161806jes · Cited by 179 · see citing works
A review on water fault diagnosis of PEMFC associated with the pressure drop
Pei, P., Li, Y., Xu, H., & Wu, Z. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.064 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recent Advances in Catalyst Accelerated Stress Tests for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Stariha, S. A., Macauley, N., Sneed, B. T., Langlois, D. A., More, K. L., Mukundan, R., & Borup, R. L. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0881807jes · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing
Kundu, S., Fowler, M. W., Simon, L. C., & Abouatallah, R. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.009 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Physical degradation of membrane electrode assemblies undergoing freeze/thaw cycling: Micro-structure effects
Kim, S., & Mench, M. M. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.111 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Degradation heterogeneities induced by repetitive start/stop events in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Inlet vs. outlet and channel vs. land
Durst, J., Lamibrac, A., Charlot, F., Dillet, J., Castanheira, L., Maranzana, G., Dubau, L., Maillard, F. M., Chatenet, M., & Lottin, O. (2013) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.03.021 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Visualizing Chemical Reactions and Crossover Processes in a Fuel Cell Inserted in the ESR Resonator: Detection by Spin Trapping of Oxygen Radicals, Nafion-Derived Fragments, and Hydrogen and Deuterium Atoms
Danilczuk, M., Coms, F. D., & Schlick, S. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp901597f · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The effect of humidity and oxygen partial pressure on degradation of Pt/C catalyst in PEM fuel cell
Bi, W., Sun, Q., Deng, Y., & Fuller, T. F. (2008) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.008 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Study of the cell reversal process of large area proton exchange membrane fuel cells under fuel starvation
Liang, D. S., Shen, Q., Hou, M., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.059 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Modeling of PEM fuel cell Pt/C catalyst degradation
Bi, W., & Fuller, T. F. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.007 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Relationship between carbon corrosion and positive electrode potential in a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell during start/stop operation
Kim, J., Lee, J., & Tak, Y. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.03.039 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The effect of platinum on carbon corrosion behavior in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Linse, N., Gubler, L., Scherer, G. G., & Wokaun, A. J. (2011) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.093 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Physical degradation of membrane electrode assemblies undergoing freeze/thaw cycling: Diffusion media effects
Kim, S., Ahn, B. K., & Mench, M. M. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.114 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Online remaining useful lifetime prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using a novel robust methodology
Zhou, D., Al‐Durra, A., Zhang, K., Ravey, A., & Gao, F. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.098 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Degradation prediction of PEM fuel cell using a moving window based hybrid prognostic approach
Zhou, D., Gao, F., Breaz, E., Ravey, A., & Miraoui, A. (2017) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.096 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The degradation study of Nafion/PTFE composite membrane in PEM fuel cell under accelerated stress tests
Wu, B., Zhao, M., Shi, W., Liu, W., Liu, J., Xing, D., Yao, Y., Hou, Z., Ming, P., Gu, J., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.02.142 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Selective Formation of Hydrogen and Hydroxyl Radicals by Electron Beam Irradiation and Their Reactivity with Perfluorosulfonated Acid Ionomer
Ghassemzadeh, L., Peckham, T. J., Weissbach, T., Luo, X., & Holdcroft, S. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja408032p · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Three-dimensional simulation of a new cooling strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack using a non-isothermal multiphase model
Zhang, G., Yuan, H. S., Wang, Y., & Jiao, K. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113865 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Membrane Accelerated Stress Test Development for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability Validated Using Field and Drive Cycle Testing
Mukundan, R., Baker, A. M., Kusoglu, A., Beattie, P. D., Knights, S., Weber, A. Z., & Borup, R. L. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0101806jes · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Reversal: A Review
Qin, C., Wang, J., Yang, D., Li, B., & Zhang, C. (2016) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal6120197 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Technical evaluation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance – A review of the effects of bipolar plates coating
Wilberforce, T., Ijaodola, O., Ogungbemi, E., Khatib, F. N., Leslie, T., El-Hassan, Z., Thomposon, J., & Olabi, A. G. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109286 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Prognostics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells stack using an ensemble of constraints based connectionist networks
Javed, K., Gouriveau, R., Noureddine Zerhouni, A., & Hissel, D. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.092 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Analytical TEM study of Pt particle deposition in the proton-exchange membrane of a membrane-electrode-assembly
Akita, T., Taniguchi, A., Maekawa, J., Siroma, Z., Tanaka, K., Kohyama, M., & Yasuda, K. (2006) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.111 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell ageing forecasting algorithm based on Echo State Network
Morando, S., Jemeï, S., Hissel, D., Gouriveau, R., & Noureddine Zerhouni, A. (2016) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.286 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Load profile based empirical model for the lifetime prediction of an automotive PEM fuel cell
Zhang, X., Yang, D., Luo, M., & Dong, Z. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.02.146 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Particle-size effect of Pt cathode catalysts on durability in fuel cells
Yano, H., Watanabe, M., Iiyama, A., & Uchida, H. (2016) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.016 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Effect of operating conditions on carbon corrosion in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Lim, K. H., Oh, H., Jang, S.-E., Ko, Y., Kim, H.-J., & Kim, H. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.04.006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Oxygen starvation analysis during air feeding faults in PEMFC
Gérard, M., Poirot-Crouvezier, J.-P., Hissel, D., & Péra, M. (2010) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.028 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Is H[sub 2]O[sub 2] Involved in the Membrane Degradation Mechanism in PEMFC?
Mittal, V. O., Kunz, H. R., & Fenton, J. M. (2006) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.2192696 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Mechanism of Catalyst Degradation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Virkar, A. V., & Zhou, Y. (2007) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2722563 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Electrochemical Ostwald ripening of Pt and Ag catalysts supported on carbon
Parthasarathy, P., & Virkar, A. V. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.115 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Dissolution Mechanism of Platinum in Sulfuric Acid Solution
Sugawara, Y., Okayasu, T., Yadav, A. P., Nishikata, A., & Tsuru, T. (2012) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.017212jes · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation under close to open-circuit conditions
Wu, J., Yuan, X., Martin, J. J., Wang, H., Yang, D., Qiao, J., & Ma, J. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.095 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
New Insight into Platinum Dissolution from Nanoparticulate Platinum‐Based Electrocatalysts Using Highly Sensitive In Situ Concentration Measurements
Jovanovič, P., Pavlišič, A., Šelih, V. S., Šala, M., Hodnik, N., Bele, M., Hočevar, S. B., & Gaberšček, M. (2013) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201300936 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Mitigation of Chemical Membrane Degradation in Fuel Cells: Understanding the Effect of Cell Voltage and Iron Ion Redox Cycle
Wong, K. H., & Kjeang, E. (2015) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201402957 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Study on the processes of start-up and shutdown in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Shen, Q., Hou, M., Liang, D. S., Zhou, Z., Li, X., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.075 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Numerical studies on wide-operating-range ejector based on anodic pressure drop characteristics in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system
Pei, P., Ren, P., Li, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, D., Huang, S., & Jia, X. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.005 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citation
Degradation mechanism of electrocatalyst during long-term operation of PEMFC
Chung, C. G., Kim, L. C., Sung, Y. W., Lee, J., & Chung, J. S. (2009) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.08.094 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Decomposition mechanism of perfluorosulfonic acid electrolyte in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Aoki, M., Uchida, H., & Watanabe, M. (2006) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.017 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Degradation of a polymer exchange membrane fuel cell stack with Nafion® membranes of different thicknesses: Part I. In situ diagnosis
Yuan, X., Zhang, S., Wang, H., Wu, J., Sun, J. C., Hiesgen, R., Friedrich, K. A., Schulze, M., & Haug, A. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.023 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Impact of Cycle Profile on PEMFC Durability
Uchimura, M., & Kocha, S. S. (2007) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2781035 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Electrocatalyst Durability under Simulated Automotive Drive Cycles
Uchimura, M., Sugawara, S., Suzuki, Y., Zhang, J., & Kocha, S. S. (2008) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2981858 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Nanomaterials Chemistry: Recent Developments and New Directions
Rao, C. N. R., Müller, A., & Cheetham, A. K. (2007) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/s1748-0132(07)70117-2 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Membrane Degradation Behavior during Open-Circuit Voltage Hold Test
Ohma, A., Suga, S., Yamamoto, S., & Shinohara, K. (2007) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2741129 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Identical locations transmission electron microscopy study of Pt/C electrocatalyst degradation during oxygen reduction reaction
Pérez-Alonso, F. J., Elkjær, C. F., Shim, S. S., Abrams, B. L., Stephens, I. E. L., & Chorkendorff, I. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.03.064 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
3D Analysis of Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst Degradation on Alternate Carbon Supports
Sneed, B. T., Cullen, D. A., Reeves, K. S., Dyck, O., Langlois, D. A., Mukundan, R., Borup, R. L., & More, K. L. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b09716 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Evaluation of reversible and irreversible degradation rates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells tested in automotive conditions
Gazdzicki, P., Mitzel, J., Sánchez, D. G., Schulze, M., & Friedrich, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.049 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Effects of open-circuit operation on membrane and catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Zhang, S., Yuan, X., Hin, J. N. C., Wang, H., Wu, J., Friedrich, K. A., & Schulze, M. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.070 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Analysis of PEMFC freeze degradation at −20°C after gas purging
Hou, J., Yu, H., Zhang, S., Sun, S., Wang, H., Yi, B., & Ming, P. (2006) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.07.010 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Voltage Cycling Induced Losses in Electrochemically Active Surface Area and in H2/Air-Performance of PEM Fuel Cells
Zihrul, P., Hartung, I., Kirsch, S., Hübner, G., Hasché, F., & Gasteiger, H. A. (2016) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0561606jes · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Physical modeling of chemical membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Influence of pressure, relative humidity and cell voltage
Futter, G. A., Latz, A., & Jahnke, T. (2019) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.085 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Degradation behavior of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under dynamic cycles between idling and rated condition
Wang, G., Huang, F., Yu, Y., Wen, S., & Tu, Z. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.020 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Accelerated durability testing via reactants relative humidity cycling on PEM fuel cells
Panha, K., Fowler, M. W., Yuan, X., & Wang, H. (2011) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.011 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Degradation effects in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks by sub-zero operation—An in situ and ex situ analysis
Alink, R., Gerteisen, D., & Oszcipok, M. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.074 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Systems Strategies to Mitigate Carbon Corrosion in Fuel Cells
Perry, M. L., Patterson, T. W., & Reiser, C. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2356198 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Membrane degradation mechanism during open-circuit voltage hold test
Ohma, A., Yamamoto, S., & Shinohara, K. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.078 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The corrosion of PEM fuel cell catalyst supports and its implications for developing durable catalysts
Shao, Y., Wang, J., Kou, R., Engelhard, M., Li, B., Wang, Y., & Lin, Y. (2008) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Degradation of SS316L bipolar plates in simulated fuel cell environment: Corrosion rate, barrier film formation kinetics and contact resistance
Papadias, D. D., Ahluwalia, R., Thomson, J. K., Meyer, H. M., Brady, M. P., Wang, H., Turner, J. A. A., Mukundan, R., & Borup, R. L. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.053 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Corrosion of carbon supports at cathode during hydrogen/air replacement at anode studied by visualization of oxygen partial pressures in a PEFC—Start-up/shut-down simulation
Ishigami, Y., Takada, K., Yano, H., Inukai, J., Uchida, M., Nagumo, Y., Hyakutake, T., Nishide, H., & Watanabe, M. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.092 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Accelerated stress test procedures for PEM fuel cells under actual load constraints: State-of-art and proposals
Petrone, R., Hissel, D., Péra, M., Chamagne, D., & Gouriveau, R. (2015) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.026 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation
Wang, B., Deng, H., & Jiao, K. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.058 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Low temperature durability and consistency analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack based on comprehensive characterizations
Zhong, D., Lin, R., Jiang, Z., Zhu, Y., Liu, D., Cai, X. L., & Chen, L. (2020) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114626 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the properties and performance of membrane-electrode assemblies
Guo, Q., & Qi, Z. (2006) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.093 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Platinum Dissolution and Redeposition from Pt/C Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst at Potential Cycling
Pavlišič, A., Jovanovič, P., Šelih, V. S., Šala, M., Hodnik, N., & Gaberšček, M. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0191806jes · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Quantifying the Structural Changes of Perfluorosulfonated Acid Ionomer upon Reaction with Hydroxyl Radicals
Ghassemzadeh, L., & Holdcroft, S. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja4037466 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Surface Platinum Electrooxidation in the Presence of Oxygen
Kongkanand, A., & Ziegelbauer, J. M. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp211490a · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Experimental investigation on PEM fuel cell cold start behavior containing porous metal foam as cathode flow distributor
Huo, S., Cooper, N. J., Smith, T. L., Park, J. W., & Jiao, K. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.028 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Improved methods to measure hydrogen crossover current in proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Pei, P., Wu, Z., Li, Y., Jia, X., Chen, D., & Huang, S. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.002 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multi-functional anodes boost the transient power and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Shen, G., Liu, J., Wu, H. B., Xu, P., Liu, F., Tongsh, C., Jiao, K., Li, J., Liu, M., Cai, M., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14822-y · Cited by 110 · see citing works
4D in situ visualization of electrode morphology changes during accelerated degradation in fuel cells by X-ray computed tomography
White, R. T., Wu, A., Najm, M., Orfino, F. P., Dutta, M., & Kjeang, E. (2017) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.058 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Load cycle durability of a graphitized carbon black-supported platinum catalyst in polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathodes
Takei, C., Kakinuma, K., Kawashima, K., Tashiro, K., Watanabe, M., & Uchida, M. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.117 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Investigation of Platinum Oxidation in PEM Fuel Cells at Various Relative Humidities
Xu, H., Kunz, R., & Fenton, J. M. (2006) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.2372230 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
30,000 h operation of a 70 kW stationary PEM fuel cell system using hydrogen from a chlorine factory
Verhage, A. J. L., Coolegem, J. F., Mulder, M. J. J., Yildirim, M. H., & de Bruijn, F. A. (2013) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.152 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Effects of MEA fabrication method on durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Prasanna, M. D., Cho, E. A., Lim, T.-H., & Oh, I.-H. (2008) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.068 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Catalyst Coated Membranes Subjected to In Situ Hygrothermal Fatigue
Alavijeh, A. S., Khorasany, R. M. H., Nunn, Z. R., Habisch, A., Lauritzen, M. V., Rogers, E., Wang, G. G., & Kjeang, E. (2015) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0471514jes · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Diagnosis of water failures in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with zero-phase ohmic resistance and fixed-low-frequency impedance
Ren, P., Pei, P., Li, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, D., Huang, S., & Jia, X. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.235 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effect of dissolution, migration and precipitation of platinum in Nafion®-based membrane electrode assemblies during fuel cell operation at high potential
Péron, J., Nédellec, Y., Jones, D. J., & Rozière, J. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.098 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Oxygen-Enhanced Dissolution of Platinum in Acidic Electrochemical Environments
Matsumoto, M., Miyazaki, T., & Imai, H. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp201959h · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Modeling the Effect of Chemical Membrane Degradation on PEMFC Performance
Singh, R., Sui, P. C., Wong, K. H., Kjeang, E., Knights, S., & Djilali, N. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0351806jes · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ionomer Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Young, A. P., Stumper, J., Knights, S., & Gyenge, E. L. (2010) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3281899 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Dynamics of electrochemical Pt dissolution at atomic and molecular levels
Lopes, P. P., Tripković, D. V., Martins, P. F. B. D., Strmcnik, D. S., Ticianelli, E. A., Stamenković, V. R., & Marković, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.047 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Behaviors of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under oxidant starvation
Dou, M., Hou, M., Liang, D., Shen, Q., Zhang, H., Lu, W., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.005 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Correlation of Changes in Electrochemical and Structural Parameters due to Voltage Cycling Induced Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells
Kneer, A., Janković, J., Susac, D., Putz, A. M. V., Wagner, N., Sabharwal, M., & Secanell, M. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0271806jes · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Understanding the voltage reversal behavior of automotive fuel cells
Mandal, P., Hong, B. K., Oh, J., & Litster, S. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.083 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A kinetic model for the chemical degradation of perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers: Weak end groups versus side chain cleavage
Xie, T., & Hayden, C. A. (2007) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.043 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Local resolved investigation of PEMFC performance degradation mechanism during dynamic driving cycle
Jing, S., Lin, R., Xia, S., Liu, D., & Zhang, Q. Y. (2016) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.048 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
On-line mass spectrometry study of carbon corrosion in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Oh, H., Oh, J.-G., Haam, S., Kundu, A., Roh, B., Hwang, I.-C., & Kim, H. (2008) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.006 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
An opinion on catalyst degradation mechanisms during catalyst support focused accelerated stress test (AST) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)
Sharma, R., & Andersen, S. M. (2018) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.08.045 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dissolution and migration of platinum after long-term operation of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell under various conditions
Kim, L. C., Chung, C. G., Sung, Y. W., & Chung, J. S. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.05.062 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Numerical analysis of operating conditions effects on PEMFC with anode recirculation
Wang, B., Wu, K., Xi, F., Xuan, J., Xie, X. L., Wang, X., & Jiao, K. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.115 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell model for aging predictions: Simulated equivalent active surface area loss and comparisons with durability tests
Robin, C., Gérard, M., Quinaud, M., d'Arbigny, J. B., & Bultel, Y. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.018 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Influence of the microporous layer on carbon corrosion in the catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Spernjak, D., Fairweather, J. D., Mukundan, R., Rockward, T., & Borup, R. L. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.086 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Degradation forecast for PEMFC cathode-catalysts under cyclic loads
Moein‐Jahromi, M., Kermani, M. J., & Movahed, S. (2017) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.102 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of catalyst and carbon degradations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Meyer, Q. P.-G., Zeng, Y., & Zhao, C. (2019) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226922 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Investigation of the effect of micro-porous layer on PEM fuel cell cold start operation
Xie, X. L., Wang, R., Jiao, K., Zhang, G., Zhou, J., & Du, Q. (2017) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.039 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Recent Progress on the Key Materials and Components for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Vehicle Applications
Wang, C., Wang, S., Peng, L., Zhang, J., Shao, Z., Huang, J., Sun, C., Ouyang, M., & He, X. (2016) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en9080603 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Decay in Mechanical Properties of Catalyst Coated Membranes Subjected to Combined Chemical and Mechanical Membrane Degradation
Alavijeh, A. S., Goulet, M., Khorasany, R. M. H., Ghataurah, J., Lim, C. K., Lauritzen, M. V., Kjeang, E., Wang, G. G., & Rajapakse, R. K. N. D. (2014) · Fuel Cells · doi:10.1002/fuce.201400040 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Impact of flow rates and electrode specifications on degradations during repeated startups and shutdowns in polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Dillet, J., Spernjak, D., Lamibrac, A., Maranzana, G., Mukundan, R., Fairweather, J. D., Didierjean, S., Borup, R. L., & Lottin, O. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.141 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation and testing: review
El-Kharouf, A., Chandan, A., Hattenberger, M., & Pollet, B. G. (2012) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1179/1743967112z.00000000036 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The effect of air stoichiometry change on the dynamic behavior of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Qu, S., Li, X., Hou, M., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.080 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 414 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

WolfVielstich, ArnoldLamm, Gasteiger H.Handbook of fuel cells: fundamentals, technology, and applications: Wiley; 2009.
Yuan, 2012, Degradation of a PEM fuel cell stack with Nafion® membranes of different thicknesses, Part II: Ex situ diagnosis. Journal of Power Sources., 205, 324
Hild, 2010, Cathode humidification of a PEM fuel cell through exhaust gas recirculation into a positive displacement compressor, Google Patents
Weber, 2014, A critical review of modeling transport phenomena in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 161, F1254, 10.1149/2.0751412jes · DOI

Sorted by citations

Nafion degradation mechanisms in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system: A review
Okonkwo, P. C., Belgacem, I. B., Emori, W., & Uzoma, P. C. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.032 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
A review on lifetime prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells system
Hua, Z., Zheng, Z., Pahon, E., Péra, M., & Gao, F. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231256 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges
Zhang, G., Qu, Z., Tao, W., Wang, X., Wu, L., Wu, S., Xie, X. L., Tongsh, C., Huo, W., Bao, Z., et al. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00539 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly
Mo, S., Du, L., Huang, Z., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Wu, P., Meng, L., Wang, N., Xing, L., Zhao, M., et al. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00190-w · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“This does not signify that the anode catalyst is not important—at the anode, reactive oxygen species are likely to be generated under inappropriate operation (e.g., H 2 starvation, start-up/ shut-down and reversal), leading to aggressive material degradation (e.g., membrane and ionomer) [22].”
Progress and challenges on the thermal management of electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies: Fuel cells, electrolysers, and supercapacitors
Rashidi, S., Karimi, N., Sunden, B. A., Kim, K. C., Olabi, A. G., & Mahian, O. (2021) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100966 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Towards ultralow platinum loading proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Fan, L., Deng, H., Zhang, Y., Du, Q., Leung, D. Y. C., Wang, Y., & Jiao, K. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee03169h · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation in high current density (HCD): Problem, progress and perspective
Cai, F., Cai, S., & Tu, Z. (2024) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118348 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Platinum degradation mechanisms in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system: A review
Okonkwo, P. C., Ige, O. O., Barhoumi, E. M., Uzoma, P. C., Emori, W., Benamor, A., & Abdullah, A. M. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.078 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Engineering Catalyst Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Review of Design, Materials, and Methods
Suter, T., Smith, K., Hack, J., Rasha, L., Rana, Z., Angel, G. M. A., Shearing, P. R., Miller, T. S., & Brett, D. J. L. (2021) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202101025 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Performance, emissions and economic analyses of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Halder, P., Babaie, M., Salek, F., Shah, K. V., Stevanović, S., Bodisco, T. A., & Zare, A. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.114543 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Differences in the Electrochemical Performance of Pt-Based Catalysts Used for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells in Liquid Half- and Full-Cells
Ahn, C., Park, J. E., Kim, S., Kim, O., Hwang, W., Her, M., Kang, S. Y., Park, S., Kwon, O. J., Park, H. S., et al. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01337 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Advancing next-generation proton-exchange membrane fuel cell development in multi-physics transfer
Zhang, G., Qu, Z., Tao, W., Mu, Y., Jiao, K., Xu, H., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.11.015 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
High-loaded sub-6 nm Pt1Co1 intermetallic compounds with highly efficient performance expression in PEMFCs
Cheng, Q., Yang, S., Fu, C., Zou, L., Zou, Z., Jiang, Z. R., Zhang, J., & Yang, H. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee02530a · Cited by 205 · see citing works
A review on understanding and identifying degradation mechanisms in PEM water electrolysis cells: Insights for stack application, development, and research
Wallnöfer‐Ogris, E., Grimmer, I., Ranz, M., Höglinger, M., Kartusch, S., Rauh, J. F., Macherhammer, M., Grabner, B., & Trattner, A. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.04.017 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
A recent overview of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Fundamentals, applications, and advances
Qasem, N. A. A. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123746 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Main degradation mechanisms of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks – Mechanisms, influencing factors, consequences, and mitigation strategies
Wallnöfer‐Ogris, E., Poimer, F., Köll, R., Macherhammer, M., & Trattner, A. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.215 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Developing long-durability proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
Zhang, F., Zu, B., Wang, B., Qin, Z., Yao, J., Wang, Z., Fan, L., & Jiao, K. (2025) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2025.101853 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Inorganic non-carbon supported Pt catalysts and synergetic effects for oxygen reduction reaction
Sun, Q., Li, X., Wang, K., Ye, T., & Chen, J. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee03642h · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Structure, Property, and Performance of Catalyst Layers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Zhao, J. F., Liu, H., & Li, X. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-022-00175-1 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Hydrogen as the nexus of future sustainable transport and energy systems
Zhao, P., Li, S., Xie, D. G., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Hu, P. J., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44287-025-00178-2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Real-time energy management for fuel cell electric vehicle using speed prediction-based model predictive control considering performance degradation
Quan, S., Wang, Y., Xiao, X., He, H., & Sun, F. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117845 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack consistency: Evaluation methods, influencing factors, membrane electrode assembly parameters and improvement measures
Chen, D., Pei, P., Li, Y., Ren, P., Meng, Y., Song, X., & Wu, Z. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115651 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citation
Energy management of heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles in real-world driving scenarios: Robust design of strategies to maximize the hydrogen economy and system lifetime
Ferrara, A., Jakubek, S., & Hametner, C. (2021) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113795 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Optimization-oriented adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy based on short-term demand power prediction for fuel cell hybrid vehicle
Zeng, T., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Deng, C., Hao, D., Zhu, Z., Ran, H., & Cao, D. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120305 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Genetic algorithm optimized neural network based fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle energy management strategy under start-stop condition
Min, D., Song, Z. Y., Chen, H., Wang, T., & Zhang, T. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118036 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Application progress of small-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Wang, Z., Liu, Z., Fan, L., Du, Q., & Jiao, K. (2023) · Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.enrev.2023.100017 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
A Review of physics-based and data-driven models for real-time control of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Zhao, J. F., Li, X., Shum, C., & McPhee, J. (2021) · Energy and AI · doi:10.1016/j.egyai.2021.100114 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Experimental study of the influence of dynamic load cycle and operating parameters on the durability of PEMFC
Chu, T., Xie, M., Yu, Y. Y., Wang, B., Yang, D., Li, B., Ming, P., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122356 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Understanding dynamic behavior of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the view of internal dynamics based on impedance
Yuan, H. S., Dai, H., Ming, P., Zhao, L., Tang, W., & Wei, X. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.134035 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hydrogen Energy as Future of Sustainable Mobility
Chakraborty, S., Dash, S. K., Elavarasan, R. M., Kaur, A., Elangovan, D., Meraj, S. T., Kasinathan, P., & Said, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.893475 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Carbon-based catalyst supports for oxygen reduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
Zaman, S., Wang, M., Liu, H., Sun, F., Yu, Y., Shui, J., Chen, M., & Wang, H. (2022) · Trends in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trechm.2022.07.007 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Recent advances in thermal conductivity and thermal applications of graphene and its derivatives nanofluids
Lin, H., Jian, Q., Bai, X., Li, D., Huang, Z. Q., Huang, W., Feng, S., & Cheng, Z. (2022) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119176 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Challenges and opportunities for characterisation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a review
Zucconi, A., Hack, J., Stocker, R., Suter, T., Rettie, A. J. E., & Brett, D. J. L. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d3ta06895a · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Review of hydrogen crossover through the polymer electrolyte membrane
Tang, Q., Li, B., Yang, D., Ming, P., Zhang, C., & Wang, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.050 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Recent advances in phosphoric acid–based membranes for high–temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Guo, Z., Pérez-Page, M., Chen, J., Ji, Z., & Holmes, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2021.06.024 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Design and control of air supply system for PEMFC UAV based on dynamic decoupling strategy
Zhao, D., Xia, L., Dang, H., Wu, Z., & Li, H. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115159 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citation
Superior energy management for fuel cell vehicles guided by improved DDPG algorithm: Integrating driving intention speed prediction and health-aware control
Jia, C., Liu, W., He, H., & Chau, K. T. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126195 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Short-term performance degradation prediction of a commercial vehicle fuel cell system based on CNN and LSTM hybrid neural network
Sun, B., Liu, X., Wang, J., Wei, X., Yuan, H. S., & Dai, H. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.005 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A Hybrid Prognostic Method for PEMFC With Aging Parameter Prediction
Ma, R., Xie, R., Xu, L., Huangfu, Y., & Li, Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2021.3075531 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citation
Quantitative analysis of internal polarization dynamics for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by distribution of relaxation times of impedance
Yuan, H. S., Dai, H., Ming, P., Wang, X., & Wei, X. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117640 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Optimizing fuel economy and durability of hybrid fuel cell electric vehicles using deep reinforcement learning-based energy management systems
Hu, H., Yuan, W., Su, M., & Ou, K. (2023) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117288 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Gas diffusion layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Mechanisms, characterization techniques and modelling approaches
Pan, Y., Wang, H., & Brandon, N. P. (2021) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230560 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Design and fabrication of bipolar plates for PEM water electrolyser
Luo, X., Ren, C., Song, J., Luo, H., Xiao, K., Zhang, D., Hao, J., Deng, Z., Dong, C., & Li, X. (2022) · Journal of Material Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.10.039 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Modern Technologies of Hydrogen Production
Стенина, И. А., & Yaroslavtsev, A. B. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr11010056 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Molecular Control of Carbon‐Based Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts through Metal Macrocyclic Complexes Functionalization
Hong, Y., Li, L., Huang, B., Tang, X., Zhai, W., Hu, T., Yuan, K., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202100866 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Investigation of the reversible performance degradation mechanism of the PEMFC stack during long-term durability test
Chu, T., Wang, Q., Xie, M., Wang, B., Yang, D., Li, B., Ming, P., & Zhang, C. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124747 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming
Du, C., Huang, S., Jiang, Y., Wu, D., & Li, Y. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15124325 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cold start investigation of fuel cell vehicles with coolant preheating strategy
Luo, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Chin, C. S., Ran, H., Fan, M., Du, K., & Shuai, Q. (2021) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117816 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Energy management strategy for fuel cell vehicles via soft actor-critic-based deep reinforcement learning considering powertrain thermal and durability characteristics
Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Fan, R., Deng, C., Wan, S., & Chaoui, H. (2023) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116921 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Health-conscious energy management for fuel cell vehicles: An integrated thermal management strategy for cabin and energy source systems
Jia, C., Liu, W., He, H., & Chau, K. T. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.137330 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Limitations of aqueous model systems in the stability assessment of electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions in fuel cell and electrolyzers
Ehelebe, K., Escalera‐López, D., & Cherevko, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Electrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100832 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Research Progress of Proton Exchange Membrane Failure and Mitigation Strategies
Xing, Y., Li, H., & Avgouropoulos, G. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14102591 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Adaptive state-of-health temperature sensitivity characteristics for durability improvement of PEM fuel cells
Tang, X., Yang, M., Shi, L. M., Hou, Z., Xu, S., & Sun, C. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.151951 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Durability estimation and short-term voltage degradation forecasting of vehicle PEMFC system: Development and evaluation of machine learning models
Liu, Z., Xu, S., Zhao, H., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119975 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient-based deep reinforcement learning for energy management of fuel cell vehicle integrating durability information of powertrain
Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Fan, R., Huang, S., Yang, Y. J., & Xu, Q. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116454 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
Full-scale three-dimensional simulation of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: Temperature spatial variation and comprehensive validation
Zhang, G., Qu, Z., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116211 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Research progress of heat transfer inside proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Wang, Q., Li, B., Yang, D., Dai, H., Zheng, J. P., Ming, P., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229613 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Review on system mitigation strategies for start-stop degradation of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Liu, Z., Chen, H., & Zhang, T. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120058 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
PEMFC performance decay during real-world automotive operation: Evincing degradation mechanisms and heterogeneity of ageing
Colombo, E., Baricci, A., Bisello, A., Guétaz, L., & Casalegno, A. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232246 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Progress and Perspective for In Situ Studies of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Zhao, W., Xu, G., Dong, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Z., Qiu, L., & Dong, J. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202300550 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A fuzzy logic PI control with feedforward compensation for hydrogen pressure in vehicular fuel cell system
Yuan, H. S., Dai, H., Wu, W., Xie, J., Shen, J., & Wei, X. (2020) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.089 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A breakthrough hydrogen and oxygen utilization in a H2-O2 PEMFC stack with dead-ended anode and cathode
Fan, L., Lu, X., Tu, Z., & Chan, S. H. (2021) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114404 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A review of low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation caused by repeated freezing start
Liu, P., & Xu, S. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.11.114 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Review on proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack assembly: Quality evaluation, assembly method, contact behavior and process design
Qiu, D., Peng, L., Yi, P., Lehnert, W., & Lai, X. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111660 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Fouling and Membrane Degradation in Electromembrane and Baromembrane Processes
Apel, P. Y., Велизаров, С., Волков, А. В., Елисеева, Т. В., Nikonenko, V., Паршина, А. В., Pismenskaya, N. D., Popov, K., & Yaroslavtsev, A. B. (2022) · Membranes and Membrane Technologies · doi:10.1134/s2517751622020032 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Fuel Cell Based on Support Vector Regression and Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm
Chen, K., Laghrouche, S., & Djerdir, A. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · doi:10.1109/tec.2021.3121650 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A fuzzy extend state observer-based cascade decoupling controller of air supply for vehicular fuel cell system
Yuan, H. S., Dai, H., Ming, P., Zhan, J., Wang, X., & Wei, X. (2021) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114080 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in fault diagnosis for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Ma, Y., Wang, X., Yuan, H. S., Chang, G., Zhu, J., Dai, H., & Wei, X. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.115226 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Whole life cycle performance degradation test and RUL prediction research of fuel cell MEA
Chen, H., Zhan, Z., Jiang, P., Sun, Y., Liao, L., Wan, X., Du, Q., Chen, X., Song, H., Zhu, R., et al. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118556 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Experimental investigation on voltage response characteristics of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells under gas starvation
Meng, K., Chen, B., Zhou, H., Shen, J., & Tu, Z. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115973 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Comprehensive review of bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with a focus on materials, processing methods and characteristics
Irshad, H. M., & Shahgaldi, S. (2025) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.300 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
A PEMFC model optimization using the enhanced bald eagle algorithm
Alsaidan, I. S., Shaheen, M. A. M., Hasanien, H. M., Alaraj, M., & Alnafisah, A. S. (2022) · Ain Shams Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101749 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Integrating Model Predictive Control With Federated Reinforcement Learning for Decentralized Energy Management of Fuel Cell Vehicles
Khalatbarisoltani, A., Boulon, L., & Hu, X. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3303991 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
PEMFC performance at nonstandard operating conditions: A review
Mensharapov, R. M., Ivanova, N. A., Spasov, D. D., Bakirov, A. V., & Fateev, V. N. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.395 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Recent development in degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle applications: problems, progress, and perspectives
Liu, Z., Cai, S., Tu, Z., & Chan, S. H. (2024) · Energy Storage and Saving · doi:10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Structure Design for Ultrahigh Power Density Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Zhang, G., Wu, L., Tongsh, C., Qu, Z., Wu, S., Xie, B., Huo, W., Du, Q., Wang, H., An, L., et al. (2023) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202201537 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Recent research progress in PEM fuel cell electrocatalyst degradation and mitigation strategies
Wei, X., Wang, R., Zhao, W., Chen, G., Chai, M., Zhang, L., & Zhang, J. J. (2021) · EnergyChem · doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2021.100061 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells degradation prediction using multi-kernel relevance vector regression and whale optimization algorithm
Chen, K., Badji, A., Laghrouche, S., & Djerdir, A. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119099 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Challenges and mitigation strategies for general failure and degradation in polymer electrolyte membrane-based fuel cells and electrolysers
Arun, M., Giddey, S. S., Joseph, P. F., & Dhawale, D. S. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d4ta08823a · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Investigation of cathode catalyst layer interfaces evolution during accelerated stress tests for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Perego, A., Avid, A., Mamania, D. N., Chen, Y., Atanassov, P. B., Yıldırım, H., Odgaard, M., & Zenyuk, I. V. (2021) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120810 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Feedforward-based decoupling control of air supply for vehicular fuel cell system: Methodology and experimental validation
Zeng, T., Long, X., Chen, J., Li, Y., Yi, Y., Huang, S., Deng, C., & Zhang, C. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120756 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hydrogen fuel cell electric trains: Technologies, current status, and future
Ding, D., & Wu, X. (2024) · Applications in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100255 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Performance failure mechanisms and mitigation strategies of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Wang, S., Zheng, Y. F., Xv, C., Liu, H. B., Li, L., Yan, W., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101389 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Degradation identification and prognostics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under dynamic load
Yue, M., Li, Z., Roche, R., Jemeï, S., & Noureddine Zerhouni, A. (2021) · Control Engineering Practice · doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2021.104959 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Experimentally investigation on current density distribution characteristics of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells under dynamic loading
Meng, K., Chen, B., Zhou, H., Chen, W., & Tu, Z. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136315 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Challenges in membrane electrode assemblies at elevated temperatures for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a review
Yue, C., Zheng, W., Wang, Q., Wang, Z., Li, B., Zhang, C., & Ming, P. (2025) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d5ee01108f · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Materials Degradation Using In‐Situ Electrochemical Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
Soleymani, A. P., Parent, L. R., & Janković, J. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202105188 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Key technologies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems fueled impure hydrogen
Pei, P., Wang, M., Chen, D., Ren, P., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Progress in Natural Science Materials International · doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2020.08.015 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hydrocarbon Ionomeric Binders for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers
Kim, Y. S. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202303914 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A novel hybrid propulsion system configuration and power distribution strategy for light electric aircraft
Li, S., Gu, C., Zhao, P., & Cheng, S. (2021) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114171 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lifetime prediction method of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on current degradation law
Pei, P., Meng, Y., Chen, D., Ren, P., Wang, M., & Wang, X. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.126341 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
Probing Heterogeneous Degradation of Catalyst in PEM Fuel Cells under Realistic Automotive Conditions with Multi‐Modal Techniques
Khedekar, K., Talarposhti, M. R., Besli, M. M., Kuppan, S., Perego, A., Chen, Y., Metzger, M., Stewart, S., Atanassov, P. B., Tamura, N., et al. (2021) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202101794 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Health state monitoring and predicting of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review
Li, K., Hong, J., Zhang, C., Liang, F., Yang, H., Ma, F., & Wang, F. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234828 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Design and development of coating for metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC): A review
Liu, J., Zhang, L., Yuan, B., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., & Huang, J. (2024) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113338 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A Review on the Long-Term Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Degradation Modeling to the Effects of Bipolar Plates, Sealings, and Contaminants
Pourrahmani, H., Siavashi, M., Yavarinasab, A., Matian, M., Chitgar, N., Wang, L., & herle, J. V. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15145081 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Data-driven health state estimation and remaining useful life prediction of fuel cells
Song, K., Huang, X., Huang, P., Sun, H., Chen, Y., & Huang, D. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.120491 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Electrochemical aspects of interconnect materials in PEMFCs
Saman Khosravi, H., Abbas, Q., & Reichmann, K. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.105 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Performance analysis of PEM fuel cell in mobile application under real traffic and environmental conditions
Chen, K., Laghrouche, S., & Djerdir, A. (2020) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113602 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effects of moisture dehumidification on the performance and degradation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Xiao, B., Zhao, J., Fan, L., Liu, Y., Chan, S. H., & Tu, Z. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123298 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Critical review on the synthesis, characterization, and application of highly efficient metal chalcogenide catalysts for fuel cells
Eisa, T., Abdelkareem, M. A., Jadhav, D. A., Mohamed, H. O., Sayed, E. T., Olabi, A. G., Castaño, P., & Chae, K. (2022) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101044 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation under close to open-circuit conditions
Wu, J., Yuan, X., Martin, J. J., Wang, H., Yang, D., Qiao, J., & Ma, J. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.095 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Recent development in degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle applications: problems, progress, and perspectives
Liu, Z., Cai, S., Tu, Z., & Chan, S. H. (2024) · Energy Storage and Saving · doi:10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Fuel cell durability under automotive driving cycles—fundamentals and experiments
Zhao, J. F., & Li, X. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99485-9.00004-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A review of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation under start-stop operating condition
Zhang, T., Wang, P., Chen, H., & Pei, P. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.049 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citation
A short review of aging mechanism modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in transportation applications
Breaz, E., Gao, F., Miraoui, A., & Tirnovan, R. A. (2014) · Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · doi:10.1109/iecon.2014.7049090 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Authors: Ren, P., Pei, P., Li, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, D., & Huang, S.
Affiliations: Tsinghua University (CN)
Corresponding author: Pei, Pucheng
ORCID: Ren, Peng
Pei, Pucheng
Li, Yuehua
Chen, Dongfang
Huang, Shangwei
Venue: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-09
Volume: 80
Pages: 100859
ISSN: 0360-1285 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100859
OpenAlex: W3033731711
Semantic Scholar: 5ff232ae7c1e6f9caa643b36c9457c5f54e0cb63
Cited by: 737
References: 414
Citations by year: 2026: 141 · 2025: 162 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 8
FWCI: 23.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2020-11-01)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China (21676158, 21376138, 21975143)
National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFB0101305, 2016YFB0101208, 2017YFB0102705)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, fuel cell durability, accelerated stress testing, dynamic loading, gas permeation, free radicals, membrane degradation, gas starvation, mechanical degradation, Ostwald ripening, platinum dissolution, carbon corrosion, cold start, membrane electrode assembly

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks