Pediatric Suicide Screening: A Review of the Evidence
Abstract
Background Suicide rates are increasing for youths and suicide is the second leading cause of death for 10-24 year olds. This evidence-based practice project critically reviews literature regarding the effectiveness of pediatric suicide screening.Methods A literature search was guided by the following question: In pediatric patients, does suicide screening at every health encounter compared to an annual screen increase clinician identification of patients at-risk. Ten articles met inclusion criteria and were critically appraised and synthesized.Findings Youths had high rates of suicidal ideation (SI), anxiety, and depression. Pediatric universal suicide screening identified SI in youths with both psychiatric and non-psychiatric medical complaints. Patients with chronic health conditions reported higher rates of mental health symptoms and SI. A specific suicide screening instrument should be used as general mental health screens likely miss youths at-risk for SI. The Ask Suicide-Screening Questions tool is an easy to use and highly sensitive instrument for detecting suicide risk in youths.Discussion Many youths that screen positive for SI do not have known mental health concerns and would have been missed if not asked directly. Universal screening for SI identifies at-risk youth and allows nurses and other providers to intervene. The need for universal screening across pediatric health care settings using brief, validated screening tools is paramount.Application to practice Nurses working in pediatric settings should champion universal screening for SI. Unit-based quality improvement projects using the Plan-Do-Study-Act change cycle provides a model for instituting universal screening for SI.
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General mental health or depression screens often under-detect young people experiencing suicidal ideation.
“Using a specific suicide risk screening instrument is recommended, as general mental health or depression screens often under-detect young people experiencing suicidal ideation.”
From Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention (2023) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Milliman, C. C., Dwyer, P. A., & Vessey, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Boston College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dwyer, Patricia A.
- Venue
- Journal of Pediatric Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 59
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0882-5963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3117305189
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pediatric Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, universal screening, youth suicide, suicide risk identification, Ask Suicide-Screening Questions, screening tool, chronic disease, depression, anxiety, nurse-led intervention, Plan-Do-Study-Act
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Humans, Mass Screening, Risk Assessment, Suicidal Ideation
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