The DOI matches its Crossref record; 257 of the 263 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Animal models of fibromyalgia: What is the best choice?
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome, with an indefinite aetiology and intricate pathophysiology that affects 2 - 3% of the world population. From the beginning of the 2000s, experimental animal models have been developed to mimic clinical FM and help obtain a better understanding of the relevant neurobiology. These animal models have enabled a broad study of FM symptoms and mechanisms, as well as new treatment strategies. Current experimental FM models include the reserpine-induced systemic depletion of biogenic amines, muscle application of acid saline, and stress-based (cold, sound, or swim) approaches, among other emerging models. FM models should: (i) mimic the cardinal symptoms and complaints reported by FM patients (e.g., spontaneous nociception, muscle pain, hypersensitivity); (ii) mimic primary comorbidities that can aggravate quality of life and lead to worse outcomes (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety); (iii) mimic the prevalent pathological mechanisms (e.g., peripheral and central sensitization, inflammation/neuroinflammation, change in the levels of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters); and (iv) demonstrate a pharmacological profile similar to the clinical treatment of FM. However, it is difficult for any one of these models to include the entire spectrum of clinical FM features once even FM patients are highly heterogeneous. In the past six years (2015 - 2020), a wide range of experimental FM studies has amounted to the literature reinforcing the need for an updated review. Here we have described, in detail, several approaches used to experimentally study FM, with a focus on recent studies in the field and in previously less discussed mechanisms. We highlight each model's challenges, limitations, and future directions, intending to help preclinical researchers establish the correct experimental FM model to use depending on their goals.
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In the citing paper
“The most studied ones include stress-based methods, acid saline muscle application, and biogenic amine depletion by subcutaneous reserpine injection [158].”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“These models respond to pharmacological treatments having some effect on FM patients, like pregabalin and SNRIs [158]”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [158]
Citations
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Pain-resolving immune mechanisms in neuropathic pain
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Marino, Y., Inferrera, F., D'Amico, R., Impellizzeri, D., Cordaro, M., Siracusa, R., Gugliandolo, E., Fusco, R., Cuzzocrea, S., & Di Paola, R. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167301 · Cited by 33
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brum, E. S., Becker, G., Fialho, M. F. P., & Oliveira, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Oliveira, Sara Marchesan
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 230
- Pages
- 107959
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3182795747
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 263
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, animal models, cold stress, sound stress, swim stress, central sensitization, peripheral sensitization, neuroinflammation, fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, neurotransmitters, model selection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Disease Models, Animal, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Quality of Life, Sleep Wake Disorders
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