Spatial memory performance in androgen insensitive male rats
Abstract
Masculinization of the developing rodent brain critically depends on the process of aromatization of circulating testosterone (T) to its estrogenic metabolite 17beta-estradiol, which subsequently interacts with estrogen receptors to permanently masculinize the brain. However, it remains unclear what role other androgenic mechanisms may play in the process of masculinization. A novel way of examining this is through the study of male rats that express the tfm mutation of the androgen receptor (AR) gene; such males are fully androgen insensitive and manifest a female phenotype due to a failure of AR-mediated masculinization of peripheral structures. Because tfm-affected males develop secretory testes and have near-normal T titers during development, aromatization would be expected to proceed normally, and brain mechanisms may be developmentally masculinized despite the feminized periphery. We compared tfm-affected males (X(tfm)Y) with normal males and females in the Morris Water Maze, a task in which males typically perform better than females. Performance of tfm-affected males was intermediate between that of normal males and females. While an overall male superiority was found in the task, the X(tfm)Y group reached male-typical escape latencies faster than females. Furthermore, in the X(tfm)Y group, the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus was significantly larger than in females. These results support the suggestion that that AR mediated mechanisms contribute to the mascu…
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Recent results testing the spatial abilities of tfm males in the Morris water maze show that tfm males perform at a level between WT males and females.
“Recent results testing the spatial abilities of tfm males in the Morris water maze, showing that tfm males perform at a level between WT males and females supports this conclusion (Jones & Watson, 2005).”
From Play fighting in androgen-insensitivetfm rats: Evidence that androgen receptors are necessary for the development of adult playful attack and defense (2006) · cites this paper as Jones & Watson, 2005
The exact role of estrogens, androgens, and their associated receptors in the masculinization and defeminization of the male nervous system and behavior may vary depending on the system or behavior in question.
“it is possible that the exact role of estrogens, androgens, and their associated receptors in the masculinization and defeminization of the male nervous system and behavior may vary depending on the system or behavior in question (Jones & Watson, 2005;Morris et al., 2005).”
From Play fighting in androgen-insensitivetfm rats: Evidence that androgen receptors are necessary for the development of adult playful attack and defense (2006) · cites this paper as Jones & Watson, 2005
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- Authors
- JONES, B., & WATSON, N.
- Affiliations
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- WATSON, N
- ORCID
- WATSON, N
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06-02
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 135-141
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079222886
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Keywords
- androgen receptor, androgen insensitivity syndrome, spatial memory, Morris water maze, sex differences in learning, aromatization, estradiol, dentate gyrus, granular layer, hippocampal morphology, sex differences in behavior
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Feminization, Male, Memory, Mutation, Rats, Mutant Strains, Receptors, Androgen, Sex Characteristics, Spatial Behavior, Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Maze Learning, Dentate Gyrus, Rats
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