Cited by 244Regulation of Appetite and ObesityEating Disorders and BehaviorsHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Estradiol and the control of food intake

Open access
Butera, Peter C.·2010·Physiology & Behavior

Abstract

Gonadal steroids are among the many factors that influence food intake and body weight in mammals. Hormonal effects on these processes are particularly striking in female rats, which show large increases in food intake and body weight after ovariectomy. A key role of estradiol in the control of food intake and energy balance in humans is evidenced by the fact that the incidence of obesity increases greatly after menopause [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Body mass index and insulin resistance. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:5s-10]. The actions of estradiol on neural systems that regulate eating may also account in part for sex differences in food intake and eating disorders, which occur much more frequently in young women [Sodersten P, Bergh C. Anorexia nervosa: towards a neurobiologically based therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;480:67-74]. This paper presents a minireview of research examining the changes in feeding that occur during the ovarian cycle, the effects of estradiol withdrawal and replacement on food intake and body weight, and the neurobiological mechanisms by which estradiol influences feeding behavior. A model of hormone action on food intake that emerges from this research views estradiol as an indirect control of eating and meal size, producing changes in feeding behavior by modulating the central processing of both satiating and orexigenic peptides that represent direct controls of eating. Some of the shortcomings of the model and directions for future research are discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.06.010

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Sex hormones are the primary sources of sex differences as it pertains to regulation of energy intake.

    “In this respect, the sex hormones are the primary sources of sex differences as it pertains to regulation of energy intake [117].”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [117]

    The Abstract says gonadal steroids influence food intake and that estradiol may account in part for sex differences in food intake. It does not establish sex hormones as the primary source of those differences; it describes them as one of many factors. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [18]Clough SJ Effects of ghrelin on spontaneous food intake during the rat ovarian cycle Unpublished Honors Thesis 2009 Department of Biochemistry, Niagara University
  2. [38]Geary N Trace D McEwen B Smith GP Cyclic estradiol replacement increases the satiety effect of CCK-8 in ovariectomized rats Physiol Behav 1994 56 281 289 7938239

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Butera, P. C.
Affiliations
Niagara University (US)
Corresponding author
Butera, Peter C.
Venue
Physiology & Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-02
Volume
99
Issue
2
Pages
175-180
ISSN
0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2030665884
Cited by
244
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
FWCI
6.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R15HD053382, HD053382)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
estradiol, dietary intake, body weight, energy balance, ovarian cycle, ovariectomy, menopause, obesity, dietary habits, satiety peptides, orexigenic peptides, sex differences, anorexia nervosa, sex steroids
MeSH terms
Animals, Body Weight, Cholecystokinin, Eating, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Male, Ovariectomy, Satiety Response, Ghrelin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review