Estradiol and the control of food intake
Open accessAbstract
Gonadal steroids are among the many factors that influence food intake and body weight in mammals. Hormonal effects on these processes are particularly striking in female rats, which show large increases in food intake and body weight after ovariectomy. A key role of estradiol in the control of food intake and energy balance in humans is evidenced by the fact that the incidence of obesity increases greatly after menopause [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Body mass index and insulin resistance. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:5s-10]. The actions of estradiol on neural systems that regulate eating may also account in part for sex differences in food intake and eating disorders, which occur much more frequently in young women [Sodersten P, Bergh C. Anorexia nervosa: towards a neurobiologically based therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;480:67-74]. This paper presents a minireview of research examining the changes in feeding that occur during the ovarian cycle, the effects of estradiol withdrawal and replacement on food intake and body weight, and the neurobiological mechanisms by which estradiol influences feeding behavior. A model of hormone action on food intake that emerges from this research views estradiol as an indirect control of eating and meal size, producing changes in feeding behavior by modulating the central processing of both satiating and orexigenic peptides that represent direct controls of eating. Some of the shortcomings of the model and directions for future research are discussed.
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Sex hormones are the primary sources of sex differences as it pertains to regulation of energy intake.
“In this respect, the sex hormones are the primary sources of sex differences as it pertains to regulation of energy intake [117].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [117]
The Abstract says gonadal steroids influence food intake and that estradiol may account in part for sex differences in food intake. It does not establish sex hormones as the primary source of those differences; it describes them as one of many factors. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Butera, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Niagara University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Butera, Peter C.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 175-180
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2813989
- OpenAlex
- W2030665884
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R15HD053382, HD053382)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- estradiol, dietary intake, body weight, energy balance, ovarian cycle, ovariectomy, menopause, obesity, dietary habits, satiety peptides, orexigenic peptides, sex differences, anorexia nervosa, sex steroids
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Cholecystokinin, Eating, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Male, Ovariectomy, Satiety Response, Ghrelin
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