Multiple neural systems controlling food intake and body weight

Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00014-3

Cited by 725Regulation of Appetite and ObesityHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesEating Disorders and Behaviors

Multiple neural systems controlling food intake and body weight

Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf·2002·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00014-3

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Discovery of the leptin receptor and its downstream peptidergic pathways has reconfirmed the crucial role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Strategically located in the midst of the mammalian neuraxis, the hypothalamus receives at least three distinct types of relevant information via direct or indirect neural connections as well as hormone receptors and substrate sensors bestowed on hypothalamic neurons. First, the medial and to a lesser extent the lateral hypothalamus receive a rich mix of information pertaining to the internal state of relative energy repletion/depletion. Second, specific hypothalamic nuclei receive information about the behavioral state, such as diurnal clock, physical activity-level, reproductive cycle, developmental stage, as well as imminent (e.g. fight and flight) and chronic (e.g. infection) stressors, that can potentially impact on short-term availability of fuels and long-term energy balance. Third, the hypothalamus, particularly its lateral aspects, receives information from areas in the forebrain involved in the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of sensory representations of the external food space and internal food experience, as well as from the executive forebrain involved in behavior selection and initiation. In addition, rich intrahypothalamic connections facilitate further distribution of incoming information to various hypothalamic nuclei. On the other hand, the hypothalamus has widespread neural projections to the same cortical areas it receives inputs, and many hypothalamic neurons are one synapse away from most endocrine systems and from both sympathetic and parasympathetic effector organs involved in the flux, storage, mobilization, and utilization of fuels. It is argued that processing within cortico-limbic areas and communication with hypothalamic areas are particularly important in human food intake control that is more and more guided by cognitive rather than metabolic aspects in the obesigenic environment of affluent societies. A distributed neural network for the control of food intake and energy balance consisting of a central processor and several parallel processing loops is hypothesized. Detailed neurochemical, anatomical, and functional analysis of reciprocal connections of the numerous peptidergic neuron populations in the hypothalamus with extrahypothalamic brain areas will be necessary to better understand what hypothalamus, forebrain, and brainstem tell each other and who is in charge under specific conditions of internal and external nutrient availability.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00014-3

Cites

283 of 283 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by complex, redundant, and distributed neural systems, likely involving thousands of genes and reflecting the fundamental biological importance of adequate nutrient supply and energy balance.
“Food intake and energy expenditure are thought to be controlled by complex, redundant, and distributed neural systems, likely involving thousands of genes and reflecting the fundamental biological importance of adequate nutrient supply and energy balance”
From Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [15]
Ingestive behavior consists of preparatory, consummatory, and postconsummatory phases.
“Ingestive behavior is not limited to the act of eating, but consists of preparatory, consummatory, and postconsummatory phases”
From Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [15]

The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
Central nervous system control of food intake
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007534 · Cited by 6,451 · see citing works
Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior
Sakurai, T., Amemiya, A., Ishii, M., Matsuzaki, I., Chemelli, R. M., Tanaka, H., Williams, S. C., Richardson, J. A., Kozlowski, G. P., Wilson, S., et al. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80949-6 · Cited by 5,501 · see citing works
What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00019-8 · Cited by 4,127 · see citing works
The rat nervous system
Paxinos, G. (1985) · Cited by 3,715 · see citing works
Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems
Peyron, C., Tighe, D. K., van den Pol, A. N., de Lecea, L., Heller, H. C., Sutcliffe, J. G., & Kilduff, T. S. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-23-09996.1998 · Cited by 3,466 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"?
Neel, J. V. (1962) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 3,147 · see citing works
Narcolepsy in orexin Knockout Mice
Chemelli, R. M., Willie, J. T., Sinton, C. M., Elmquist, J. K., Scammell, T., Lee, C., Richardson, J. A., Williams, S. C., Xiong, Y., Kisanuki, Y., et al. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81973-x · Cited by 3,095 · see citing works
A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction
Clément, K., Vaisse, C., Lahlou, N., Cabrol, S., Pelloux, V., Cassuto, D., Gourmelen, M., Dina, C., Chambaz, J., Lacorte, J.-M., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32911 · Cited by 2,346 · see citing works
From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system
MOGENSON, G., JONES, D., & YIM, C. (1980) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(80)90018-0 · Cited by 2,331 · see citing works
Environmental Contributions to the Obesity Epidemic
Hill, J. O., & Peters, J. C. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5368.1371 · Cited by 2,206 · see citing works
Food reward: brain substrates of wanting and liking
Berridge, K. C. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00033-b · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
Mammalian sweet taste receptors
Nelson, G., Hoon, M. A., Chandrashekar, J., Zhang, Y., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00451-2 · Cited by 1,702 · see citing works
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
Rolls, E. T. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.284 · Cited by 1,595 · see citing works
Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake
Di Marzo, V., Goparaju, S. K., Wang, L., Liu, J., Bátkai, S., Járai, Z., Fezza, F., Miura, G. I., Palmiter, R. D., Sugiura, T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35071088 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
An amino-acid taste receptor
Nelson, G., Chandrashekar, J. V., Hoon, M. A., Feng, L., Zhao, G., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature726 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Recombinant Leptin for Weight Loss in Obese and Lean Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Escalation Trial
Heymsfield, S. B., Greenberg, A. S., Fujioka, K., Dixon, R. M., Kushner, R., Hunt, T., Lubina, J. A., Patane, J., Self, B., Hunt, P., et al. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1568 · Cited by 1,422 · see citing works
Anatomical evidence of direct projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other forebrain structures in the rat
Ricardo, J. A., & Koh, E. T. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)91125-3 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
A Novel Family of Mammalian Taste Receptors
Adler, E., Hoon, M. A., Mueller, K. L., Chandrashekar, J. V., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80705-9 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin
Kristensen, P. L., Judge, M. E., Thim, L., Ribel, U., Christjansen, K. N., Wulff, B. S., Clausen, J. T., Jensen, P. B., Madsen, O. D., Vrang, N., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/29993 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain
Mountjoy, K. G., Mortrud, M. T., Low, M. J., Simerly, R. B., & Cone, R. D. (1994) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.8.10.7854347 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
The organization of noradrenergic pathways from the brainstem to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the rat
Sawchenko, P. E., & Swanson, L. W. (1982) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(82)90010-8 · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Handbook of behavioral neurobiology
Blass, E. M. (1988) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Central regulation of autonomic functions
(1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90107-h · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
The melanin‐concentrating hormone system of the rat brain: An immuno‐ and hybridization histochemical characterization
Bittencourt, J. C., Presse, F., Arias, C. M., Peto, C. A., Vaughan, J. M., Nahon, J., Vale, W., & Sawchenko, P. E. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903190204 · Cited by 1,075 · see citing works
Orexins, orexigenic hypothalamic peptides, interact with autonomic, neuroendocrine and neuroregulatory systems
Date, Y., Ueta, Y., Yamashita, H., Yamaguchi, H., Matsukura, S., Kangawa, K., Sakurai, T., Yanagisawa, M., & Nakazato, M. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.748 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Paraventricular Nucleus:A Site for the Integration of Neuroendocrine and Autonomic Mechanisms
Swanson, L. W., & Sawchenko, P. E. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000123111 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Leptin Differentially Regulates NPY and POMC Neurons Projecting to the Lateral Hypothalamic Area
Elias, C. F., Aschkenasi, C., Lee, C., Kelly, J., Ahima, R. S., Bjorbæk, C., Flier, J. S., Saper, C. B., & Elmquist, J. K. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)80035-0 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Organization of projections from the medial nucleus of the amygdala: A PHAL study in the rat
Canteras, N. S., Simerly, R. B., & Swanson, L. W. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903600203 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Leptin Activates Hypothalamic CART Neurons Projecting to the Spinal Cord
Elias, C. F., Lee, C., Kelly, J., Aschkenasi, C. J., Ahima, R. S., Couceyro, P. R., Kuhar, M. J., Saper, C. B., & Elmquist, J. K. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80656-x · Cited by 809 · see citing works
The neuropeptide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in normal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice
Broberger, C., Johansen, J., Johansson, C., Schalling, M., & Hökfelt, T. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.15043 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
An autoradiographic examination of corticocortical and subcortical projections of the mediodorsal‐projection (prefrontal) cortex in the rat
Beckstead, R. M. (1979) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901840104 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Efferent projections of the infralimbic cortex of the rat
Hurley, K. M., Herbert, H., Moga, M. M., & Saper, C. B. (1991) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903080210 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Direct Targets for Leptin in the Hypothalamus
Cheung, C. C., Clifton, D. K., & Steiner, R. A. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.10.5570 · Cited by 769 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Another, distinct population of leptin receptor-bearing arcuate nucleus neurons [50] co-expresses pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) [117,127] and cocaine–amphetaminerelated transcript (CART) [37,76,129,258], and projects to melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), orexin, and other LHA neurons [77].”
Background
To Eat or to Sleep? Orexin in the Regulation of Feeding and Wakefulness
Willie, J. T., Chemelli, R. M., Sinton, C. M., & Yanagisawa, M. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.429 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse
Matsunami, H., Montmayeur, J., & Buck, L. B. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007072 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Putative Mammalian Taste Receptors
Hoon, M. A., Adler, E., Lindemeier, J. X. F. R., Battey, J. F., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80658-3 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Convergence and segregation of ventral striatal inputs and outputs
GROENEWEGEN, H. J., WRIGHT, C. I., BEIJER, A. V. J., & VOORN, P. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09260.x · Cited by 684 · see citing works
The organization of forebrain afferents to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat
Sawchenko, P. E., & Swanson, L. W. (1983) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902180202 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Representation of Pleasant and Aversive Taste in the Human Brain
O’Doherty, J. P., Rolls, E. T., Francis, S., Bowtell, R. W., & McGlone, F. P. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.3.1315 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Melanin-concentrating hormone overexpression in transgenic mice leads to obesity and insulin resistance
Ludwig, D. S., Tritos, N. A., Mastaitis, J. W., Kulkarni, R., Kokkotou, E. G., Elmquist, J. K., Lowell, B. B., Flier, J. S., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10660 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Integration of NPY, AGRP, and Melanocortin Signals in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
Cowley, M. A., Pronchuk, N., Fan, W., Dinulescu, D. M., Colmers, W. F., & Cone, R. D. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80829-6 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Cholecystokinin elicits the complete behavioral sequence of satiety in rats.
Antin, J. H., Gibbs, J., Holt, J., Young, R. C., & Smith, G. P. (1975) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077040 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Co-Localization of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor and NPY mRNA in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Rat
Willesen, M. G., Kristensen, P., & Rømer, J. (1999) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054491 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical correlates of hunger and satiation in humans using positron emission tomography
Tataranni, P. A., Gautier, J., Chen, K., Uecker, A., Bandy, D. J., Salbe, A. D., Pratley, R. E., Lawson, M. A., Reiman, E. M., & Ravussin, É. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.8.4569 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Convergence of autonomic and limbic connections in the insular cortex of the rat
Saper, C. B. (1982) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902100207 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
The hypothalamus and the control of energy homeostasis
Williams, G., Bing, C., Cai, X., Harrold, J. A., King, P., & Liu, X. H. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00612-6 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Pain pathways and parabrachial circuits in the rat.
Gauriau, C., & Bernard, J. (2002) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/eph8702357 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Minireview: Ghrelin and the Regulation of Energy Balance--A Hypothalamic Perspective
Horváth, T. L., Diano, S., Sótonyi, P., Heiman, M. L., & Tschöp, M. H. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.10.8490 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
The role of the nucleus accumbens in instrumental conditioning: evidence of a functional dissociation between accumbens core and shell
Corbit, L. H., Muir, J. L., & Balleine, B. W. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-09-03251.2001 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Organization of projections from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: A Phaseolus vulgaris ‐Leucoagglutinin study in the rat
Canteras, N. S., Simerly, R. B., & Swanson, L. W. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903480103 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Hypothalamic Hypocretin (Orexin): Robust Innervation of the Spinal Cord
van den Pol, A. N. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-08-03171.1999 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
The efferent connections of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus of the rat,
Saper, C. B., Swanson, L. W., & Cowan, W. M. (1976) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901690403 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Hypothalamic serotonin in control of eating behavior, meal size, and body weight
LEIBOWITZ, S. F., & Alexander, J. T. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00186-3 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Synaptic Interaction between Hypocretin (Orexin) and Neuropeptide Y Cells in the Rodent and Primate Hypothalamus: A Novel Circuit Implicated in Metabolic and Endocrine Regulations
Horváth, T. L., Diano, S., & van den Pol, A. N. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-03-01072.1999 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Sensory-specific satiety-related olfactory activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex
OʼDoherty, J., Rolls, E. T., Francis, S., Bowtell, R., McGlone, F., Kobal, G., Renner, B., & Ahne, G. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200002070-00035 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Taste reception
Lindemann, B. (1996) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.3.719 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Coexpression of leptin receptor and preproneuropeptide Y mRNA in arcuate nucleus of mouse hypothalamus
Mercer, J. G., Hoggard, N., Williams, L. M., Lawrence, C. B., Hannah, L. T., Morgan, P. J., & Trayhurn, P. (1996) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.05161.x · Cited by 460 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Leptin [93,99,158], growth hormone [119,265], glucocorticoids [105], sex steroids [250], insulin and metabolites such as glucose [149,166] have direct access to arcuate nucleus neurons via specific receptors (Figs.”
Background
Paraventricular nucleus: A primary site mediating adrenergic stimulation of feeding and drinking
LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1978) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(78)90333-7 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
CNS origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to brown adipose tissue
Bamshad, M., Song, C. K., & Bartness, T. J. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.6.r1569 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Human cortical gustatory areas: A review of functional neuroimaging data
Small, D. M., Zald, D. H., Jones-Gotman, M., Zatorre, R. J., Pardo, J. V., Frey, S., & Petrides, M. (1999) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199901180-00002 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Orexin (Hypocretin) Neurons Contain Dynorphin
Chou, T. C., Lee, C. E., Lü, J., Elmquist, J. K., Hara, J., Willie, J. T., Beuckmann, C. T., Chemelli, R. M., Sakurai, T., Yanagisawa, M., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-j0003.2001 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Serotonergic control of the organization of feeding and satiety
Simansky, K. J. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(96)00066-6 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Anatomy of an Endogenous Antagonist: Relationship between Agouti-Related Protein and Proopiomelanocortin in Brain
Bagnol, D., Lu, X.-Y., Kaelin, C. B., Day, H. E. W., Ollmann, M., Gantz, I., Akil, H., Barsh, G. S., & Watson, S. J. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-18-j0004.1999 · Cited by 425 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[8] Bagnol D, Lu XY, Kaelin CB, Day HE, Ollmann M, Gantz I, Akil H, Barsh GS, Watson SJ.”
Background
Virus-Assisted Mapping of Neural Inputs to a Feeding Center in the Hypothalamus
DeFalco, J., Tomishima, M. J., Liu, H., Zhao, C., Cai, X., Marth, J. D., Enquist, L. W., & Friedman, J. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1056602 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Leptin Enhances NMDA Receptor Function and Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity
Shanley, L. J., Irving, A. J., & Harvey, J. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-24-j0001.2001 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling
Elphick, M. R., & Egertová, M. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0787 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Dietary Restriction Increases the Number of Newly Generated Neural Cells, and Induces BDNF Expression, in the Dentate Gyrus of Rats
Lee, J., Duan, W., Long, J. M., Ingram, D. K., & Mattson, M. P. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1385/jmn:15:2:99 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Organization of cortical, basal forebrain, and hypothalamic afferents to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat
Moga, M. M., Herbert, H., Hurley, K. M., Yasui, Y., Gray, T. S., & Saper, C. B. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902950408 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Insulin and leptin: dual adiposity signals to the brain for the regulation of food intake and body weight
Baskin, D. G., Lattemann, D. F., Seeley, R. J., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., & Schwartz, M. W. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01974-5 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Amygdala and extended amygdala
Alheid, G. F. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 385 · see citing works
The hypothalamus, intrinsic connections and outflow pathways to the endocrine system in relation to the control of feeding and metabolism
Luiten, P. G. M., Horst, G. J. T., & Steffens, A. B. (1987) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(87)90004-9 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Expression of the melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor mRNA in the rat brain
Saito, Y., Cheng, M., Leslie, F. M., & Civelli, O. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1191 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
The distribution and cells of origin of serotonergic inputs to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat
Sawchenko, P. E., Swanson, L. W., Steinbusch, H. W. M., & Verhofstad, A. A. J. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90945-9 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Leptin activates distinct projections from the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei
Elmquist, J. K., Ahima, R. S., Elias, C. F., Flier, J. S., & Saper, C. B. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.741 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Differential Influence of Associative and Nonassociative Learning Mechanisms on the Responsiveness of Prefrontal and Accumbal Dopamine Transmission to Food Stimuli in Rats FedAd Libitum
Bassareo, V., & Chiara, G. D. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-02-00851.1997 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Localisation of cannabinoid receptors in the rat brain using antibodies to the intracellular C-terminal tail of CB1
Michaela, E., & Elphick, M. R. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000626)422:2 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Neurochemical organization of the hypothalamic projection to the spinal cord in the rat
Cechetto, D. F., & Saper, C. B. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902720410 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Central nervous system origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to white adipose tissue
Bamshad, M., Aoki, V. T., Adkison, M., Warren, W. S., & Bartness, T. J. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.1.r291 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging of the olfactory system in humans
Zald, D. H., & Pardo, J. V. (2000) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00110-5 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Coincident Activation of NMDA and Dopamine D1Receptors within the Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Required for Appetitive Instrumental Learning
Smith‐Roe, S. L., & Kelley, A. E. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-20-07737.2000 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Central Autonomic System
Saper, C. B., & Stornetta, R. L. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374245-2.00023-1 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Evidence of a Functional Relationship between the Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Lateral Hypothalamus Subserving the Control of Feeding Behavior
Stratford, T. R., & Kelley, A. E. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-24-11040.1999 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1986 update
Bernardis, L. L., & Bellinger, L. L. (1987) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(87)90004-x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Dopaminergic correlates of motivated behavior: importance of drive
Wilson, C., Nomikos, G., Collu, M., & Fibiger, H. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-07-05169.1995 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The role of gastrointestinal vagal afferents in the control of food intake: current prospects
Schwartz, G. J. (2000) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00464-0 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Disordered food intake and obesity in rats lacking cholecystokinin A receptors
Moran, T. H., Katz, L. F., Plata‐Saláman, C. R., & Schwartz, G. J. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.3.r618 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Response-reinforcement learning is dependent on N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens core
Kelley, A. E., Smith‐Roe, S. L., & Holahan, M. R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12174 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
The temporal response of the brain after eating revealed by functional MRI
Liu, Y., Gao, J., Liu, H., & Fox, P. T. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35016590 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Vagal afferent innervation of the rat fundic stomach: Morphological characterization of the gastric tension receptor
Berthoud, H., & Powley, T. L. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903190206 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citation
Innervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: implications for the regulation of total body fat
Bartness, T. J., & Bamshad, M. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.r1399 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Differential brain responses to satiation in obese and lean men.
Gautier, J., Chen, K., Salbe, A. D., Bandy, D. J., Pratley, R. E., Heiman, M. L., Ravussin, É., Reiman, E. M., & Tataranni, P. A. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.838 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Chemotopic, Combinatorial, and Noncombinatorial Odorant Representations in the Olfactory Bulb Revealed Using a Voltage-Sensitive Axon Tracer
Friedrich, R. W., & Korsching, S. I. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-23-09977.1998 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Cholecystokinin and satiety: current perspectives.
Moran, T. (2000) · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00419-6 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Modulation of feeding‐induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by appetitive stimuli and its relation to motivational state
Bassareo, V., & Chiara, G. D. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00843.x · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Responses to the Sensory Properties of Fat of Neurons in the Primate Orbitofrontal Cortex
Rolls, E. T., Critchley, H. D., Browning, A. S., Hernadi, I., & Lenard, L. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-04-01532.1999 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The projections of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in the rat
Horst, G. J. T., & Luiten, P. G. M. (1986) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(86)90038-9 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Gastric volume rather than nutrient content inhibits food intake
Phillips, R. J., & Powley, T. L. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.r766 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Intraganglionic laminar endings are mechano‐transduction sites of vagal tension receptors in the guinea‐pig stomach
Zagorodnyuk, V. P., Chen, B. N., & Brookes, S. J. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00255.x · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Neurochemical Characterization of Hypothalamic Cocaine—Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Neurons
Vrang, N., Larsen, P. J., Clausen, J. T., & Kristensen, P. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-10-j0006.1999 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Localization of hindbrain glucoreceptive sites controlling food intake and blood glucose
Ritter, S., Dinh, T. T., & Zhang, Y. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02327-6 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The Lower Brainstem and Bodily Homeostasis
Loewy, A. D. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01234-x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Central origins of cranial nerve parasympathetic neurons in the rat
Contreras, R. J., Gomez, M. M., & Norgren, R. (1980) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901900211 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Enhanced intake of high-fat food following striatal mu-opioid stimulation: microinjection mapping and Fos expression
Zhang, M., & Kelley, A. E. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00198-6 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Hypothalamic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neurons: histochemical relationship to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, melanin-concentrating hormone, orexin/hypocretin and neuropeptide Y
Broberger, C. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01977-0 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Tension and stretch receptors in gastrointestinal smooth muscle: re-evaluating vagal mechanoreceptor electrophysiology
Phillips, R. J., & Powley, T. L. (2000) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(00)00036-9 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Immunotoxic destruction of distinct catecholamine subgroups produces selective impairment of glucoregulatory responses and neuronal activation
Ritter, S., Bugarith, K., & Dinh, T. T. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1097 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Reciprocal parabrachial-cortical connections in the rat
Saper, C. B. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90493-0 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
The Lower Brainstem and Bodily Homeostasis
Blessing, W. W. (1997) · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Modulation of taste affect by hunger, caloric satiety, and sensory-specific satiety in the rat
Berridge, K. C. (1991) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/0195-6663(91)90036-r · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Toward a new neurobiology of energy balance, appetite, and obesity: The anatomists weigh in
Sawchenko, P. E. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19981228)402:4 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Organization of inputs to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a reexamination with Fluorogold and PHAL in the rat
Thompson, R. H. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00010-1 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Subcortical projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rat as revealed by the horseradish peroxidase technique
Divac, I., Kosmal, A., Björklund, A., & Lindvall, O. (1978) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(78)90031-3 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
The direct and indirect controls of meal size
Smith, G. P. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00038-g · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Neural network of glucose monitoring system
Oomura, Y., & Yoshimatsu, H. (1984) · Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System · doi:10.1016/0165-1838(84)90033-x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The topographical organization of neurons in the rat medial frontal, insular and olfactory cortex projecting to the solitary nucleus, olfactory bulb, periaqueductal gray and superior colliculus
Neafsey, E. J., Hurley-Gius, K. M., & Arvanitis, D. L. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90867-x · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Central connections of the sensory and motor nuclei of the vagus nerve
Sawchenko, P. E. (1983) · Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System · doi:10.1016/0165-1838(83)90129-7 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Contributions of topography and parallel processing to odor coding in the vertebrate olfactory pathway
Kauer, J. S. (1991) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90025-p · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Glucose-sensitive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus contain neuropeptide Y
Muroya, S., Yada, T., Shioda, S., & Takigawa, M. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00185-8 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Expression and regulation of leptin receptor proteins in afferent and efferent neurons of the vagus nerve
Buyse, M., Ovesjö, M., Goïot, H., Guilmeau, S., Péranzi, G., Moizo, L., Walker, F., Lewin, M. J. M., Meister, B., & Bado, A. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01628.x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Increased Histone Acetyltransferase and Lysine Acetyltransferase Activity and Biphasic Activation of the ERK/RSK Cascade in Insular Cortex During Novel Taste Learning
Swank, M. W., & Sweatt, J. D. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-10-03383.2001 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Leptin Receptor Long-form Splice-variant Protein Expression in Neuron Cell Bodies of the Brain and Co-localization with Neuropeptide Y mRNA in the Arcuate Nucleus
Baskin, D. G., Schwartz, M. W., Seeley, R. J., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Breininger, J. F., Jonak, Z., Schaefer, J., Krouse, M., Burghardt, C., et al. (1999) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/002215549904700309 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Functional Specificity of Ventral Striatal Compartments in Appetitive Behaviors
KELLEY, A. E. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09262.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Chapter 12 Forebrain nuclei involved in autonomic control
Loewy, A. D. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63055-1 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Hypothalamic neuronal histamine: Implications of its homeostatic control of energy metabolism
Sakata, T., Yoshimatsu, H., & Kurokawa, M. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)91277-6 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Chapter 3 Activity-dependent regulation of neuronal plasticity and self repair
Kempermann, G., van Praag, H., & Gage, F. H. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)27004-0 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Sensory afferents from the gastrointestinal tract
Grundy, D., & Scratcherd, T. (1989) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp060116 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Role of the Dorsal Vagal Complex and the Vagus Nerve in Feeding Effects of Melanocortin-3/4 Receptor Stimulation
Williams, D. L., Kaplan, J. M., & Grill, H. J. (2000) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.141.4.7410 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Descending pathways from hypothalamus to dorsal motor vagus and ambiguus nuclei in the rat
Horst, G. J. T., Luiten, P., & Kuipers, F. (1984) · Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System · doi:10.1016/0165-1838(84)90008-0 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Orexin A-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain
Chen, C.-T., Dun, S. L., Kwok, E. H., Dun, N. J., & Chang, J. K. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00977-x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
A conditioned stimulus decreases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens after the development of a learned taste aversion
Mark, G. P., Blander, D. S., & Hoebel, B. G. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90946-s · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake
(1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780367802059 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Revisited: 1998 Update
Bernardis, L. L., & Bellinger, L. L. (1998) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-218-44296 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The integration of stress by the hypothalamus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex: balance between the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system
Buijs, R. M., & van Eden, C. G. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)26011-1 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lactation alters neuropeptide-Y and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of the rat
Smith, M. S. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.3.8365368 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of taste perception in the human brain studied with positron emission tomography
Kinomura, S., Kawashima, R., Yamada, K., Ono, S., Itoh, M., Yoshioka, S., Yamaguchi, T., Matsui, H., Miyazawa, H., Itoh, H., et al. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90890-7 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Two types of leptin-responsive gastric vagal afferent terminals: an in vitro single-unit study in rats
Wang, Y. H., Taché, Y., Sheibel, A. B., Go, V. L. W., & Wei, J. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.2.r833 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Leptin, the obese gene product, rapidly modulates synaptic transmission in the hypothalamus.
Glaum, S. R., Hara, M., Bindokas, V. P., Lee, C. C., Polonsky, K. S., Bell, G. I., & Miller, R. J. (1996) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09211-9 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
CNS sites involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the pancreas: a viral tracing study
Jansen, A. S. P., Hoffman, J. L., & Loewy, A. D. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00532-5 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Efferent connections of dorsal and ventral agranular insular cortex in the hamster, Mesocricetus auratus
Reep, R. L., & Winans, S. S. (1982) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90087-2 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Descending input from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat
Hosoya, Y., Sugiura, Y., Okado, N., Loewy, A. D., & Kohno, K. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00229982 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake
(1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420048933 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Expression of leptin receptor mRNA in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus - relationship with NPY neurones
Håkansson, M., Hulting, A., & Meister, B. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199611250-00059 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Localization of glucokinase gene expression in the rat brain.
Lynch, R. M., Tompkins, L. S., Brooks, H. L., Dunn-Meynell, A. A., & Levin, B. E. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.693 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin tracing of intrahypothalamic connections of the lateral, ventromedial, dorsomedial and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei in the rat
Ter Horst, G. J., & Luiten, P. G. M. (1987) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(87)90190-0 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sensory functions of the liver--a review
Sawchenko, P. E., & Friedman, M. I. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1979.236.1.r5 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Finding of the endocannabinoid signalling system in Hydra, a very primitive organism: possible role in the feeding response
PETROCELLIS, L. D., Melck, D. J., Bisogno, T., Milone, A., & Marzo, V. D. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00749-0 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Heterotopic Cortical Afferents to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Rat. A Combined Retrograde and Anterograde Tracer Study
van Eden, C. G., Lamme, V. A. F., & Uylings, H. B. M. (1992) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00111.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Dopaminergic Correlates of Sensory-Specific Satiety in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens of the Rat
Ahn, S., & Phillips, A. G. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-19-j0003.1999 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Trigeminal Sensory System
Waite, P. M. E., & Ashwell, K. W. S. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374236-0.10031-8 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Current status of the hepatostatic theory of food intake control
RUSSEK, M. (1981) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(81)80007-4 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms involved in odor pleasantness and intensity judgments
Zatorre, R. J., Jones‐Gotman, M., & Rouby, C. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200008210-00021 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Visceral cortex: A direct connection from prefrontal cortex to the solitary nucleus in rat
van der Kooy, D., McGinty, J. F., Koda, L. Y., Gerfen, C. R., & Bloom, F. E. (1982) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(82)90238-5 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
A role for NPY overexpression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus in hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats
Bi, S., Ladenheim, E. E., Schwartz, G. J., & Moran, T. H. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.1.r254 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A Role for the Right Anterior Temporal Lobe in Taste Quality Recognition
Small, D. M., Jones‐Gotman, M., Zatorre, R. J., Petrides, M., & Evans, A. C. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-13-05136.1997 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The hippocampus and motivation revisited: appetite and activity
Tracy, A. L., Jarrard, L. E., & Davidson, T. L. (2001) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00364-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Anatomical Substrates of Hypothalamic Integration
Simerly, R. B. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012547638-6/50015-8 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Socio-cultural determinants of meal size and frequency
de Castro, J. M. (1997) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19970103 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Adrenocortical Steroids And The Brain
Funder, J. W., & Sheppard, K. E. (1987) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.002145 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Alzheimer's Disease and the Amyloid β Protein
Small, D. H., & McLean, C. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730443.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Anorectic, thermogenic and anti-obesity activity of a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist in ob/ob mice
Haynes, A. C., Chapman, H., Taylor, C., Moore, G. B. T., Cawthorne, M. A., Tadayyon, M., Clapham, J. C., & Arch, J. R. S. (2002) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00358-5 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat.
Rolls, E. T., & Rolls, B. J. (1973) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034414 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A direct projection from the ventromedial nucleus and retrochiasmatic area of the hypothalamus to the medulla and spinal cord of the rat
Swanson, L. W., & Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1980) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(80)90041-5 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Preparing for inactivity: How insectivorous bats deposit a fat store for hibernation
Speakman, J. R., & Rowland, A. (1999) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19990017 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hypothalamic and vagal neuropeptide circuitries regulating food intake
Broberger, C., & Hökfelt, T. G. M. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00611-4 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Targeted Disruption of Histamine H1-Receptor Attenuates Regulatory Effects of Leptin on Feeding, Adiposity, and UCP Family in Mice
Masaki, T., Yoshimatsu, H., Chiba, S., Watanabe, T., & Sakata, T. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.2.385 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
The medial frontal cortex and gastric motility: Microstimulation results and their possible significance for the overall pattern of organization of rat frontal and parietal cortex
Hurley-Gius, K. M., & Neafsey, E. J. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91635-5 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Functional interactions between melanin-concentrating hormone, neuropeptide Y, and anorectic neuropeptides in the rat hypothalamus.
Tritos, N. A., Vicent, D., Gillette, J. A., Ludwig, D. S., Flier, E. S., & Maratos–Flier, E. (1998) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.11.1687 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor Is a Target of Leptin Action in the Mouse Brain
Kokkotou, E. G., Tritos, N. A., Mastaitis, J. W., Slieker, L. J., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.2.7981 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 1999 Update
Chagnon, Y. C., Përusse, L., Weisnagel, S. J., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2000) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2000.12 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Feeding induced by blockade of AMPA and kainate receptors within the ventral striatum: a microinfusion mapping study
Kelley, A. E., & Swanson, C. J. (1997) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00054-5 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Feeding induced by GABA-sub(A ) receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens shell: Regional mapping and characterization of macronutrient and taste preference.
Basso, A. M., & Kelley, A. E. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.113.2.324 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cholecystokinin: proofs and prospects for involvement in control of food intake and body weight
Ritter, R. C., Covașă, M., & Matson, C. A. (1999) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1054/npep.1999.0051 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plasticity within a distributed corticostriatal network mediates appetitive instrumental learning.
Baldwin, A. E., Holahan, M. R., Sadeghian, K., & Kelley, A. E. (2000) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.114.1.84 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of the prefrontal cortex: autonomic interactions
van Eden, C. G., & Buijs, R. M. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)26006-8 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The satiety effect of cholecystokinin: A progress report
Smith, G. P., Gibbs, J., Jerome, C., Pi-Sunyer, X., Kissileff, H. R., & Thornton, J. (1981) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(81)90011-5 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plasticity within a distributed corticostriatal network mediates appetitive instrumental learning.
Baldwin, A. E., Holahan, M. R., Sadeghian, K., & Kelley, A. E. (2000) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.114.1.84 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Differential behavioral effects following microinjection of an NMDA antagonist into nucleus accumbens subregions
Maldonado-Irizarry, C. S., & Kelley, A. E. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244872 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Feeding induced by GABAA receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens shell: Regional mapping and characterization of macronutrient and taste preference.
Basso, A. M., & Kelley, A. E. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.113.2.324 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Intense exercise and food restriction cause similar hypothalamic neuropeptide Y increases in rats
Lewis, D. E., Shellard, L., Koeslag, D. G., Boer, D. E., McCarthy, H. D., McKibbin, P. E., Russell, J. C., & Williams, G. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.2.e279 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone‐immunoreactive projections to the dorsal motor nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract of the rat
Lynn, R. B., Kreider, M. S., & Miselis, R. R. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903110208 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The Obesity Epidemic: Metabolic Imprinting on Genetically Susceptible Neural Circuits
Levin, B. E. (2000) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2000.41 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Neuropeptide organization of the hypothalamic projection to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat
Moga, M. M., Saper, C. B., & Gray, T. S. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902950409 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Growth hormone receptor gene is expressed in neuropeptide Y neurons in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rats.
Kamegai, J., Minami, S., Sugihara, H., et al. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.5.8612554 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Melanin-concentrating hormone and neuropeptide EI projections from the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta to the medial septal nucleus and spinal cord: a study using multiple neuronal tracers
Bittencourt, J. C., & Elias, C. F. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00598-8 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Sub-diaphragmatic vagal afferent integration of meal-related gastrointestinal signals
Schwartz, G. J., & Moran, T. H. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00039-h · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Why Does Ethnicity Affect Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes? The Underwater Volcano Theory
Yue, D. K., Molyneaux, L. M., Ross, G. P., Constantino, M., Child, A., & Turtle, J. R. (1996) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199608)13:8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
An appetitively conditioned taste elicits a preferential increase in mesolimbic dopamine release
Mark, G. P., Smith, S. E., Rada, P. V., & Hoebel, B. G. (1994) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90327-1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
CNS cell groups projecting to the submandibular parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat: a retrograde transneuronal viral cell body labeling study
Jansen, A. S. P., Horst, G. J. T., Mettenleiter, T. C., & Loewy, A. D. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90479-s · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Little and often: Ingestive behavior patterns following hippocampal lesions in rats.
Clifton, P. G., Vickers, S. P., & Somerville, E. M. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.3.502 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Human genomics and obesity: finding appropriate drug targets
Ravussin, É., & Bouchard, C. (2000) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00811-6 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Understanding the Neural Control of Ingestive Behaviors: Helping to Separate Cause from Effect with Dehydration-Associated Anorexia
Watts, A. G. (2000) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.2000.1581 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Appetitive Instrumental Learning Is Impaired by Inhibition of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase within the Nucleus Accumbens
Baldwin, A. E., Sadeghian, K., Holahan, M. R., & Kelley, A. E. (2002) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.2000.4002 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Why Do We Eat? A Neural Systems Approach
Levine, A. S., & Billington, C. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.597 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hypothalamic neuropeptide mechanisms for regulating energy balance: from rodent models to human obesity
Mercer, J. G., & Speakman, J. R. (2001) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00053-1 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive innervation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the rat: Possible substrate for autonomic regulation of feeding
Fulwiler, C., & Saper, C. B. (1985) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(85)90553-1 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Human Brain Function during Odor Encoding and Recognition: A PET Activation Studya
Dade, L. A., Jones‐Gotman, M., Zatorre, R. J., & Evans, A. C. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10626.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Little and often: Ingestive behavior patterns following hippocampal lesions in rats.
Clifton, P. G., Vickers, S. P., & Somerville, E. M. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.112.3.502 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Efferent projections from the periventricular and medial parvicellular subnuclei of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to circumventricular organs of the rat: A Phaseolus vulgaris ‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) tracing study
Larsen, P. J., Møller, M., & Mikkelsen, J. D. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903060310 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Inhibition of gastric emptying in response to intestinal lipid is dependent on chylomicron formation
Raybould, H. E., Meyer, J. H., Tabrizi, Y., Liddle, R. A., & Tso, P. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.6.r1834 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Motivation concepts in behavioral neuroscience
Berridge, K. C. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.004 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Reward Processing by the Opioid System in the Brain
Le Merrer, J., Becker, J. A. J., Befort, K., & Kieffer, B. L. (2009) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2009 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite
Abizaid, A., Liu, Z.-W., Andrews, Z. B., Shanabrough, M., Borok, E., Elsworth, J. D., Roth, R. H., Sleeman, M. W., Picciotto, M. R., Tschöp, M. H., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29867 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Presynaptic facilitation by neuropeptide signaling mediates odor-driven food search
Root, C. M., Ko, K. I., Jafari, A., & Wang, J. W. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.008 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Ventral pallidum roles in reward and motivation
Smith, K. S., Tindell, A. J., Aldridge, J. W., & Berridge, K. C. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.038 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Sex differences in the physiology of eating
Asarian, L., & Geary, N. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00446.2012 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
The selfish brain: Competition for energy resources
Peters, A., Schweiger, U., Pellerin, L., Hubold, C., Oltmanns, K. M., Conrad, M., Schultes, B., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.03.002 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and learning signals in brain reward circuitry
Smith, K. S., Berridge, K. C., & Aldridge, J. W. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1101920108 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Opioid limbic circuit for reward: interaction between hedonic hotspots of nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum
Smith, K. S., & Berridge, K. C. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4205-06.2007 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Ovarian hormones and obesity
Leeners, B., Geary, N., Tobler, P. N., & Asarian, L. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw045 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Neurobiology of Feeding and Energy Expenditure
Gao, Q., & Horvath, T. L. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094324 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Central and Peripheral Regulation of Food Intake and Physical Activity: Pathways and Genes
Lenard, N. R., & Berthoud, H. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.511 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: The molecular face of hedonism?
Cota, D., Tschöp, M. H., Horvath, T. L., & Levine, A. S. (2006) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.10.004 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity
Berthoud, H.-R. (2008) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.024 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ascending projections from the caudal visceral nucleus of the solitary tract to brain regions involved in food intake and energy expenditure
Rinaman, L. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.059 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Vagal and hormonal gut-brain communication: from satiation to satisfaction
Berthoud, H. ‐. (2008) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01104.x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citation
Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity
Berthoud, H.-R., Lenard, N. R., & Shin, A. C. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00028.2011 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Self-citation
Estradiol and the control of food intake
Butera, P. C. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.06.010 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Stress, Overeating, and Obesity: Insights from Human Studies and Preclinical Models
Razzoli, M., Pearson, C., Crow, S., & Bartolomucci, A. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.026 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Tracing from Fat Tissue, Liver, and Pancreas: A Neuroanatomical Framework for the Role of the Brain in Type 2 Diabetes
Kreier, F., Kap, Y. S., Mettenleiter, T. C., van Heijningen, C., van der Vliet, J., Kalsbeek, A., Sauerwein, H. P., Fliers, E., Romijn, J. A., & Buijs, R. M. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0667 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Hypothalamic Alterations in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Relation to Abnormal Energy Metabolism
Vercruysse, P., Vieau, D., Blum, D., Petersén, Å., & Dupuis, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00002 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Role of the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor in the control of energy balance
Hayes, M. R., De Jonghe, B. C., & Kanoski, S. E. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.029 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
GLP-1 is both anxiogenic and antidepressant; divergent effects of acute and chronic GLP-1 on emotionality
Anderberg, R. H., Richard, J. E., Hansson, C., Nissbrandt, H., Bergquist, F., & Skibicka, K. P. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.021 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Gene-Environment Interactions Controlling Energy and Glucose Homeostasis and the Developmental Origins of Obesity
Bouret, S., Levin, B. E., & Ozanne, S. E. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00007.2014 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Greater corticolimbic activation to high-calorie food cues after eating in obese vs. normal-weight adults
Dimitropoulos, A., Tkach, J., Ho, A., & Kennedy, J. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.014 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Effects of chewing on appetite, food intake and gut hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Miquel-Kergoat, S., Azais-Braesco, V., Burton-Freeman, B., & Hetherington, M. M. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.017 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The one-two punch of alcoholism: role of central amygdala dynorphins/kappa-opioid receptors
Kissler, J. L., Sirohi, S., Reis, D. J., Jansen, H. T., Quock, R. M., Smith, D. G., & Walker, B. M. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.014 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Food Intake Repression in Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiency
Gietzen, D. W., Hao, S., & Anthony, T. G. (2007) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093726 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Signals that influence food intake and body weight
WOODS, S. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.060 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Modulation of taste responsiveness and food preference by obesity and weight loss
Berthoud, H.-R., & Zheng, H. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.004 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citation
Restricted feeding with scheduled sucrose access results in an upregulation of the rat dopamine transporter
Bello, N. T., Sweigart, K. L., Lakoski, J. M., Norgren, R., & Hajnal, A. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00716.2002 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Protein, amino acids and the control of food intake
Tome, D. (2004) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041138 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
GLP-1 and estrogen conjugate acts in the supramammillary nucleus to reduce food-reward and body weight
Vogel, H., Wolf, S., Rabasa, C., Rodriguez-Pacheco, F., Babaei, C. S., Stöber, F., Goldschmidt, J., DiMarchi, R. D., Finan, B., Tschöp, M. H., et al. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.039 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, and other feeding-regulatory peptides active in the hippocampus: role in learning and memory
Beck, B., & Pourié, G. (2013) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12045 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sweet taste signaling in the gut.
Sclafani, A. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707410104 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Visceral brain–body information transfer
Cameron, O. G. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.010 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Role of Neuronal Glucosensing in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis
Levin, B. E., Kang, L., Sanders, N. M., & Dunn-Meynell, A. A. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-s016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Differential response of TRHergic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in female animals submitted to food-restriction or dehydration-induced anorexia and cold exposure
Jaimes-Hoy, L., Joseph-Bravo, P., & de Gortari, P. (2008) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Angiotensin II in dorsomedial hypothalamus modulates cardiovascular arousal caused by stress but not feeding in rabbits
De Matteo, R., Head, G. A., & Mayorov, D. N. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00372.2005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bupropion Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Weight Gain: An Open-Label, Prospective Trial
Gadde, K. M., Zhang, W., & Foust, M. S. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000227354.54074.5d · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Brain stem as a target site for the metabolic side effects of olanzapine
Anwar, I. J., Miyata, K., & Zsombok, A. (2016) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00387.2015 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Insights to the neural response to food cues in class III compared with class I and II obese adults using a sample of endometrial cancer survivors seeking weight loss
Nock, N. L., Jiang, H., Borato, L., Alberts, J., & Dimitropoulos, A. (2020) · Nutrition & Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-020-0124-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Authors: Berthoud, H.-R.
Affiliations: Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Corresponding author: Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf
ORCID: Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-06
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 393-428
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00014-3
OpenAlex: W2058586676
Cited by: 725
References: 283
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 3.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-47348, DK 57242, R01DK057242, R01DK047348)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Keywords: food intake regulation, body weight regulation, hypothalamus, energy balance, leptin receptor, peptidergic neurons, lateral hypothalamus, medial hypothalamus, artificial neural networks
MeSH terms: Animals, Body Weight, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypothalamic Area, Lateral, Models, Biological, Neural Pathways

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Multiple neural systems controlling food intake and body weight

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks