Changes in endocannabinoid and palmitoylethanolamide levels in eye tissues of patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoids (anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine--AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)), as well as the AEA congener, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), are involved in ocular physiology. We measured endocannabinoid and PEA levels by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis in post-mortem eye tissues of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In eyes with DR, significantly enhanced levels of AEA were found in the retina ( approximately 1.8-fold), ciliary body ( approximately 1.5-fold) and, to a lesser extent, cornea ( approximately 1.3-fold). Surprisingly, 2-AG levels were significantly higher ( approximately 3-fold) only in the iris, whereas PEA levels only slightly increased ( approximately 1.3-fold) in the ciliary body. In eyes with AMD, significantly enhanced levels of AEA were found in the choroid ( approximately 1.3-fold), ciliary body ( approximately 1.4-fold) and cornea ( approximately 1.4-fold), whereas in the retina only a trend towards an increase ( approximately 1.5-fold) was observed. The tissue- and disease-selective nature of the changes observed suggests that the compounds analyzed here may play different roles in the control of eye function under different pathological conditions.
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Increased levels of endocannabinoids have been found in obese patients suffering from Type II diabetes.
“Increased levels of endocannabinoids have been found in obese patients suffering from Type II diabetes109”
From Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside (2009) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Matias, I., Wang, J. W., Moriello, A. S., Nieves, A., Woodward, D. F., & Di Marzo, V.
- Affiliations
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (IT)
- Allergan (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 413-418
- ISSN
- 0952-3278 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987760348
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- endocannabinoids, palmitoylethanolamide, anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, ocular tissues, retina, ciliary body, choroid, cornea, iris
- MeSH terms
- Amides, Arachidonic Acids, Diabetic Retinopathy, Ethanolamines, Eye, Glycerides, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Palmitic Acids, Up-Regulation, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, Endocannabinoids
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