Maternal thyroid autoantibody and elevated risk of autism in a national birth cohort
Open accessAbstract
Objective Autoimmune disruption may contribute to risk for autism; however, since previous studies relied upon clinical diagnoses, exposure misclassification and recall bias are limitations. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) is an autoantibody involved in autoimmune thyroiditis. We aimed to test the a priori hypothesis that positivity to maternal serum TPO-Ab (TPO-Ab+) (defined as >156 IU/ml) during pregnancy is related to childhood autism.Method The study was based on a nested case-control design of the Finnish Prenatal Study of Autism (FiPS-A), a national birth cohort that includes prospectively drawn archived maternal serum specimens from virtually the entire pregnant population of Finland beginning in 1983. Cases of childhood autism (ICD-10F84.0) born from 1987 to 2005 were ascertained by performing linkages between national birth and inpatient/outpatient registries. All diagnosed cases in Finland over the birth years, and comparison subjects without ASD or severe/profound intellectual disability were matched 1:1 on date of birth, sex, birthplace, and residence in Finland. Maternal serum specimens were assayed in 967 matched case-control pairs for TPO-Ab by a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay blind to case/control status. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression for matched sets.Results The prevalence of maternal TPO-Ab+ was significantly increased in pregnancies giving rise to autism cases (6.15%) compared to controls (3.54%). The odds of autism were increased by nearly 80% among offspring of mothers who were TPO-Ab+ during pregnancy (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.16-2.75, p=0.009), compared to mothers negative for this autoantibody. There was also a significant relationship between maternal TPO-Ab defined as a continuous variable and odds of autism (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01, 1.17, p=0.02). Measures of maternal thyroid hormones did not differ between groups.Conclusions These findings provide the first biomarker-based evidence that a class of known maternal autoimmune disorders is related to autism in offspring.
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Maternal immune activation is associated with ASD risk.
“While mounting evidence points to the role of maternal immune activation in ASD risk,”
From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Brown, A. S., Surcel, H.-M., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Cheslack-Postava, K., Bao, Y., & Sourander, A.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Alan S.
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 57
- Pages
- 86-92
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4276336
- OpenAlex
- W2013552735
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIEHS (R01ES019004, K02 MH065422)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, autoimmune thyroiditis, maternal autoimmunity, prenatal exposure, biomarkers, maternal serum
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autistic Disorder, Autoantibodies, Child, Female, Finland, Humans, Pregnancy, Registries, Risk Factors, Thyroid Hormones, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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