MicroRNA-21's role in PTEN suppression and PI3K/AKT activation: Implications for cancer biology
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) was recognized as a key figure in the intricate web of tumor biology, with a prominent role in regulating the PTEN tumor suppressor gene and the PI3K/AKT cascade. This review elucidates the multifaceted interactions between miR-21, PTEN, and the PI3K/AKT signaling, shedding light on their profound implications in cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic strategies. The core of this review delves into the mechanical intricacies of miR-21-mediated PTEN suppression and its consequent impact on PI3K/AKT pathway activation. It explores how miR-21, as an oncogenic miRNA, targets PTEN directly or indirectly, resulting in uncontrolled activation of PI3K/AKT, fostering cancerous cell survival, proliferation, and evasion of apoptosis. Furthermore, the abstract emphasizes the clinical relevance of these molecular interactions, discussing their implications in various cancer types, prognostic significance, and potential as therapeutic targets. The review provides insights into ongoing research efforts to develop miR-21 inhibitors and strategies to restore PTEN function, offering new avenues for cancer treatment. This article illuminates the critical function of miR-21 in PTEN suppression and PI3K/AKT activation, offering profound insights into its implications for cancer biology and the potential for targeted interventions.
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In gliomas, miR-21 exerts oncogenic effects by downregulating tumor suppressor genes PTEN and PDCD4.
“In the context of gliomas, miR-21 exerts its oncogenic effects by downregulating several key tumor suppressor genes, such as PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) and PDCD4 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 4) [11].”
From miR-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in glioma: tissue and serum expression analysis in a Pakistani cohort (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Chawra, H. S., Agarwal, M., Mishra, A., Chandel, S. S., Singh, R. P., Dubey, G., Kukreti, N., & Singh, M.
- Affiliations
- NIMS University (IN)
- Graphic Era Hill University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Ravindra Pal
- Singh, Mithilesh
- Venue
- Pathology - Research and Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-02
- Volume
- 254
- Pages
- 155091
- ISSN
- 0344-0338 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4390532016
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 199
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 13
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Pathology - Research and Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Keywords
- miR-21, PTEN, PI3K/Akt signaling, oncogenic microRNA, apoptosis evasion, cell proliferation, tumor progression, prognostic factors, therapeutic target, miR-21 inhibitor
- MeSH terms
- Biology, Humans, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, MicroRNAs, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, PTEN Phosphohydrolase
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