Neuronal correlates of reward and loss in Cluster B personality disorders: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Abstract
Decision making is guided by the likely consequences of behavioural choices. Neuronal correlates of financial reward have been described in a number of functional imaging studies in humans. Areas implicated in reward include ventral striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Response to loss has not been as extensively studied but may involve prefrontal and medial temporal cortices. It has been proposed that increased sensitivity to reward and reduced sensitivity to punishment underlie some of the psychopathology in impulsive personality disordered individuals. However, few imaging studies using reinforcement tasks have been conducted in this group. In this fMRI study, we investigate the effects of positive (monetary reward) and negative (monetary loss) outcomes on BOLD responses in two target selection tasks. The experimental group comprised eight people with Cluster B (antisocial and borderline) personality disorder, whilst the control group contained fourteen healthy participants. A key finding was the absence of prefrontal responses and reduced BOLD signal in the subcortical reward system in the PD group during positive reinforcement. Impulsivity scores correlated negatively with prefrontal responses in the PD but not the control group during both, reward and loss. Our results suggest dysfunctional responses to rewarding and aversive stimuli in Cluster B personality disordered individuals but do not support the notion of hypersensitivity to reward…
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Initial studies show similar reward-processing results in BPD and ASPD as in ADHD.
“Few studies have investigated this issue in emotional instability disorders but initial studies show similar results in BPD and ASPD (Vollm et al., 2007).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Vollm et al., 2007
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Andreou, C., Kleinert, J., Steinmann, S., Fuger, U., Leicht, G., & Mulert, C. (2015) · World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2015.1054880 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…observed defi cits in patients with BPD apply to the processing of loss events only (Vega et al. 2013), or also to positive (i.e., gain) feedback (Vollm et al. 2007) – a relevant question, in light of the fact that these two functions might represent distinct sub-processes subserved by different…”
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“…and that striatum GMV was associated with antisocial behaviors (Tiihonen et al., 1995; Barkataki et al., 2006; Barros-Loscertales et al., 2006; Vollm et al., 2007; Gatzke-Kopp et al., 2009; Ducharme et al., 2011; Schiffer et al., 2011), each sub-factor of psychopathy should be associated with…”
BackgroundResultThe “status quo bias” in Response to External Feedback in Decision-Makers
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“…such as men - tal health (Balconi et al., 2022; Crivelli et al., 2022), anxiety levels (Giorgetta et al., 2012), moral principles (Boyd, 2006), adherence to social norms (Balconi et al., 2019), impulsivity (Völlm et al., 2007), and responsiveness to rewards (Scheres & Sanfey, 2006).”
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“Altered affective processing in individuals with BPD is also reflected in attenuated signals to gains and losses in the ventral striatum (Herbort et al., 2016; Völlm et al., 2007).”
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“…show greater discounting of delayed rewards (Lawrence, Allen, & Chanen, 2010), reduced activation in reward regions during positive reinforcement (Vollm et al., 2007), and reduced ventral striatal activation when differentiating between rewards (versus non- rewards) in the presence of affective…”
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“At the same time, it also makes sense that BPD would be associated with sensitivity to punishment (Vollum et al., 2007) given that invalidating (punishing) environments are thought to contribute to the development of this disorder in combination with heritable traits of emotion dysregulation…”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuroscience in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology: An Introduction to the Special Issue
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“Immediate rewards preference can be associated with hypersensitivity to hedonic stimuli [20] or, on the other hand, general hyposensitivity to both positive and negative feedbacks [21, 22].”
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“…et al., 2013; Hawes et al., 2021; Huang et al., 2019; Murray et al., 2018; Rubia et al., 2009) (Bubenzer-Busch et al., 2016; Crowley et al., 2010; Völlm et al., 2007), we conducted supplemental analyses controlling for the severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms as well as conduct…”
MethodImpulsiveness, Behavioral Disorders and Alcohol Misuse in Teenage Students in Northern Italy
Gatta, M., Spoto, A., Serena, L., Penzo, M., Paolo, T. C., & Battistella, P. (2014) · Journal of Psychological Abnormalities in Children · doi:10.4172/2329-9525.1000122 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“have conduct disorder whose impulsiveness becomes apparent, from a neurocognitive standpoint, in tasks involving the need to inhibit motor response [14] and in decision-making tasks when individuals need to integrate changes in reinforcement and punishment contingencies in their decisions [15-18].”
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Using physiological biomarkers in forensic psychiatry: a scoping review
Mens, J., Masthoff, E., Bogaerts, S., & Heus, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1580615 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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“Dysfunctional responses to reward are proposed to underlie and persist in abnormality (Vollum et al., 2007).”
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“Moreover, a previous fMRI study in patients with impulsivity-related personality disorders found reduced prefrontal activation during both reward and loss compared to healthy controls [59].”
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Störungen von Inhibitionsfähigkeit und Impulskontrolle
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¿Es el yo simplemente la recompensa?
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Neurobiologische en neurocognitieve mechanismen van crimineel gedrag en verslavingsgedrag
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Neurobiologische Korrelate der Verarbeitung von Feedback bei antisozialer Persönlichkeitsstörung
Völlm, B. (2011) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628372
Self-citationWahrnehmung sozialer Normen und Regeln in spieltheoretischer Perspektive bei psychischen Störungen
Brüne, M., & Wischniewski, J. (2011) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628373
“Der mediale präfrontale Kortex (mPFC) etwa wird bei Aufgaben aktiviert, die Selbstreflexion oder Schlussfolgerungen über Gedanken, Gefühle und Intentionen des Interaktionspartners (ToM) erfordern (2, 65).”
Background
- Authors
- Völlm, B., Richardson, P., McKie, S., Elliott, R., Dolan, M., & Deakin, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-167
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2159773434
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- cluster B personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, reward processing, loss aversion, monetary rewards, impulsivity, prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, reinforcement learning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Impulsive Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mesencephalon, Oxygen Consumption, Personality Disorders, Punishment, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Parahippocampal Gyrus
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