The effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke on risk for ADHD: A large population-based study
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Among the 30,552 parents who responded to a survey, the answers of 19,940 who replied to questions on prenatal exposure to ETS, alcohol consumption, and completed the DuPaul Rating Scale were analyzed. Results revealed that risk of ADHD significantly increased as a result of exposure to alcohol by 1.55 times (95% CI 1.33-1.82), maternal smoking during pregnancy by 2.64 times (95% CI 1.45-4.80), and paternal smoking during pregnancy by 1.17 times (95% CI 1.98-1.39). When the subjects whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy were divided into 4 groups, the prevalence was 1.16 times higher (95% CI 1.02-1.33) in the group exposed to ETS but not alcohol, 1.19 times higher (95% CI 0.91-1.57) in the group exposed to alcohol but not ETS, and 1.58 times higher (95% CI 1.31-1.91) in the group exposed to ETS and alcohol. The differences between the groups were statistically significantly (P<0.0001). This result shows that simultaneous exposure to ETS and alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of ADHD.
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Maternal smoking increases risk for ADHD by 2.64 times (95% CI 1.45-4.80).
“A large population-based study (n = 19,940) found that maternal smoking increased one’s risk for ADHD by 2.64 times (95% CI 1.45–4.80) and paternal smoking during pregnancy to increase one’s risk for ADHD by 1.17 times (95% CI 1.98–1.39)”
From Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
Paternal smoking during pregnancy increases risk for ADHD by 1.17 times (95% CI 1.98-1.39).
“A large population-based study (n = 19,940) found that maternal smoking increased one’s risk for ADHD by 2.64 times (95% CI 1.45–4.80) and paternal smoking during pregnancy to increase one’s risk for ADHD by 1.17 times (95% CI 1.98–1.39)”
From Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Han, J.-Y., Kwon, H.-J., Ha, M., Paik, K.-C., Lim, M.-H., Gyu Lee, S., Yoo, S.-J., & Kim, E.-J.
- Affiliations
- Baekseok Culture University (KR)
- Dankook University Hospital (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kwon, Ho-Jang
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 225
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 164-168
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013398413
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 8.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prenatal alcohol exposure, environmental tobacco smoke, smoking during pregnancy, ADHD risk, environmental risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Republic of Korea, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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