Dopamine receptor DRD4 gene and stressful life events in persistent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
We performed a case-control association study in persistent ADHD considering eight candidate genes (DRD4, DAT1/SLC6A3, COMT, ADRA2A, CES1, CYP2D6, LPHN3, and OPRM1) and found additional evidence for the involvement of the Dup 120bp and VNTR 48bp functional variants within the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene in the etiology of adult ADHD. We subsequently investigated the interaction of stressful life events with these two DRD4 polymorphisms, and the impact of such events on the severity of ADHD symptomatology. The gene-by-environment analysis revealed an independent effect of stressful experiences on the severity of persistent ADHD, and a gene-by-environment interaction on the inattentive dimension of the disorder, where non carriers of the Dup 120bp (L) - VNTR 48bp (7R) haplotype were more sensitive to environmental adversity than carriers. These results are in agreement with previous works reporting a relationship between DRD4 and the effect of adverse experiences, which may explain the discordant findings in previous genetic studies and strengthen the importance of gene-by-environment interactions on the severity of ADHD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Exposure to lead in childhood is associated with increased ADHD symptoms and executive dysfunction.
“Exposure to lead in childhood is associated with increased ADHD symptoms and executive dysfunction”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
The Results (page unavailable) associate retrospectively reported exposure to heavy metals with greater ADHD symptom severity in adults with persistent ADHD. The paper does not identify lead specifically or report executive dysfunction, so it does not support those parts of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Sánchez‐Mora, C., Richarte, V., Garcia‐Martínez, I., Pagerols, M., Corrales, M., Bosch, R., Vidal, R., Viladevall, L., Casas, M., Cormand, B., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., & Ribasés, M.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Department of Psychiatry Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari (ES)
- AB-Biotics (Spain) (ES)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ribasés, Marta
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-07-14
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 480-491
- ISSN
- 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-485X
- OpenAlex
- W1555378447
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- 7th Framework Programme for Research, technological Development and Demonstration, European Commission (AGGRESSOTYPE_FP7HEALTH2013/602805)
- Fundació La Marató de TV3 (ref. 092330/31)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS (PI11/00571, PI11/01629, PI12/01139, Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041)
- Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas (PNSD#2011-0080)
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR1357, 2014SGR0932)
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2012-33484)
- Departament de Salut, Government of Catalonia, Spain
- This project is supported in part by a 2014NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from The Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (22451)
- European College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Grant reference: ECNP Networks.; AB-Biotics, S. A. Development of Genomics and Proteomics Research Foundation (2012/09/GG/150)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, life events, gene-environment interaction, haplotypes, inattentive symptoms, ADHD symptom severity, candidate genes
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