The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics
Open accessAbstract
Aim To investigate anxiety, stress, and depression levels of physicians during the Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site.Methods An online survey is conducted to asses psychological responses of healthcare workers and related factors during Covid-19 outbreak. It is consisted of three subsections covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data 2) information on individuals` working condition 3) Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DAS-21).Results Of all 442 participants, 286 (64.7%) had symptoms of depression, 224 (51.6%) anxiety, and 182 (41.2%) stress. Being female, young, and single, having less work experience, working in frontline were associated with higher scores, whereas having a child was associated with lower scores in each subscale. Factors found to be associated with higher DAS-21 total scores in frontline workers were as follows: increased weekly working hours, increased number of Covid-19 patients cared for, lower level of support from peers and supervisors, lower logistic support, and lower feelings of competence during Covid-19 related tasks.Conclusions Our findings highlight the factors which need to be taken into consideration to protect the mental wellbeing of doctors while fighting with a disaster that has major impacts on society worldwide.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“stress (Zhu et al., 2020; Badahdah et al., 2020; Elbay et al., 2020)”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Elbay et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There were no significant differences in the prevalence of stress and depression according to marital status, sex, length of working, and educational level, in contradiction with previous literature [51,52].”
From Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and Psychological Distress among Front Liners at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah Campus during the Third Wave of COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“trabajar más durante la pandemia fue una variable que se relacionó con la presencia de síntomas depresivos, que podría explicarse por la mayor carga laboral, el incremento del número de enfermos, el colapso de los servicios de salud y un menor sentimiento de satisfacción23.”
From Síntomas depresivos en trabajadores de la salud dos años después del inicio de la pandemia COVID-19 en Bogotá, Colombia (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“women experienced higher prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive, and eating pathology symptoms even prior to the pandemic”
From Prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive, and eating pathology symptoms between the pre- and peri-COVID-19 eras: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Elbay et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Specifically, being female conferred greater risks for depression, anxiety and higher levels of stress (Xiaoming et al., 2020; Pouralizadeh et al., 2020; Elbay et al., 2020; Du et al., 2020; Di Tella et al., 2020; Babore et al., 2020)”
From The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as Elbay et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 · Cited by 8,015
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., Liu, X., Fuller, C. J., Susser, E., Lü, J., et al. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905400504 · Cited by 1,651
Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L. H., Bennett, J. P., Peladeau, N., Leszcz, M., Sadavoy, J., Verhaeghe, L. M., Steinberg, R. J., & Mazzulli, T. (2003) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,495
Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak
Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., Chu, C.-M., Wong, P.-C., Tsang, K. W., & Chua, S. E. (2007) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370705200405 · Cited by 1,195
Survey of Stress Reactions Among Health Care Workers Involved With the SARS Outbreak
Bai, Y., Lin, C.-C., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, J.-Y., Chue, C.-M., & Chou, P. (2004) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055 · Cited by 1,092
Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors
Mak, I. W. C., Chu, C. M., Pan, P. C., Yiu, M. G. C., & Chan, V. L. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001 · Cited by 1,018
Liu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C. J., Fan, B., Fang, Y., Kong, J., Guan, Z., & Wu, P. (2012) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003 · Cited by 868 · cited 2×
“Being single was found to increase the odds of having a high level of depressive symptoms in hospital staff, 3 years after the SARS outbreak (Liu et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPsychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers
Chua, S. E., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., McAlonan, G. M., Wong, J. W., Cheung, E. P., Chan, M. T., Wong, M. M., Tang, S. W., Choy, K. M., et al. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900609 · Cited by 462 · cited 6×
“Besides psychological aspects of the outbreak on society, healthcare workers (HCWs) are subjected to an additional stress due to engaging directly in the treatment of infected patients and increased risk for contagion, fear of transmission to their families, concerns about health of self and loved ones, feeling stigma…”
ResultInfluentialSARIÇAM, H. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research · doi:10.5455/jcbpr.274847 · Cited by 344
The Mental Health of Hospital Workers Dealing with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Lu, Y.-C., Shu, B., Chang, Y.-Y., & Lung, F. (2006) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000095443 · Cited by 192
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Serrano-Ripoll, M. J., Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Ricci-Cabello, I., Fraile-Navarro, D., Fiol-deRoque, M. A., Pastor-Moreno, G., Castro, A., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Zamanillo Campos, R., & Gonçalves-Bradley, D. C. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.034 · Cited by 592
Li, L. Z., & Wang, S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113267 · Cited by 551
Li, Y., Scherer, N., Felix, L., & Kuper, H. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246454 · Cited by 536
Cabarkapa, S., Nadjidai, S. E., Murgier, J., & Ng, C. H. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100144 · Cited by 522
Symptoms of burnout in intensive care unit specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak
Azoulay, É., Waele, J. J. D., Ferrer, R., Staudinger, T., Borkowska, M., Póvoa, P. M. S. R., Iliopoulou, K., Artigas, A., Schaller, S. J., Shankar‐Hari, M., et al. (2020) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-020-00722-3 · Cited by 408
Metadata
- Authors
- Elbay, R. Y., Kurtulmuş, A., Arpacıoğlu, S., & Karadere, E.
- Affiliations
- Medeniyet Üniversitesi Göztepe Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Elbay, Rümeysa Yeni
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 290
- Pages
- 113130
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7255248
- OpenAlex
- W3032520924
- Cited by
- 845
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 170 · 2022: 273 · 2021: 218 · 2020: 56
- FWCI
- 71.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- depression, anxiety, stress, physicians, healthcare workers, COVID-19 pandemic, frontline workers, mental health, working conditions, logistics support, professional competence, working hours
- MeSH terms
- Occupational Stress, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physicians, Pneumonia, Viral, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
