Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals.
Open accessAbstract
Starting from China, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contagion spread unexpectedly and quickly all over the world, particularly affecting Italy. In the early stages of the epidemic, healthcare professionals have been in the front-line to manage the infection. The current study aimed to analyse the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare professionals and to detect some risk and protective factors of their distress levels, with regard to socio-demographic variables, direct exposure to COVID-19 and the coping strategies used to deal with stress. The data were collected during the peak of the infection. A total of 595 healthcare professionals enrolled in the study and completed the measures of socio-demographical and professional data, perceived stress (PSS) and coping strategies (COPE- NVI-25). Overall, we found that a positive attitude towards the stressful situation was the main protective factor, while female gender, seeking social support, avoidance strategies and working with COVID-19 patients were risk factors. Economic status, problem solving ability and turning to religion were not associated with stress levels. This study, one of the first on this topic, highlighted the main coping strategies used by healthcare professionals in facing the highly stressful situation caused by the pandemic.
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Studies concerning the most effective coping strategies to deal with the pandemic are variable depending on the context and the group studied.
“Besides, studies concerning the most effective coping strategies to deal with the pandemic are, as described previously, quite variable depending on the context and the group studied (e.g., Babore et al., 2020; Mariani et al., 2020; Rettie and Daniels, 2020; Jarego et al., 2021).”
From Dealing With the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal: On the Important Role of Positivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Coping Strategies (2021) · cites this paper as Babore et al., 2020
Social support and avoidance predicted distress levels in a sample of healthcare workers in Italy.
“social support and avoidance predicted distress levels in a sample of healthcare workers in Italy (Babore et al., 2020).”
From Dealing With the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal: On the Important Role of Positivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Coping Strategies (2021) · cites this paper as Babore et al., 2020
In an Italian study, a positive attitude held by healthcare professionals during COVID-19 was associated with lower perceived stress.
“A study conducted in Italy has found that a positive attitude held by healthcare professionals during COVID‐19 was associated with lower perceived stress, whereas seeking support and avoidance coping were associated with higher perceived stress (Babore et al., 2020).”
From Beyond the physical risk: Psychosocial impact and coping in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. (2025) · cites this paper as Babore et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Babore, A., Lombardi, L., Viceconti, M. L., Pignataro, S., Marino, V., Crudele, M., Candelori, C., Bramanti, S. M., & Trumello, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Trumello, Carmen
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 113366
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7397939
- OpenAlex
- W3046652265
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 34.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, perceived stress, coping strategies, psychological distress, risk and protective factors, social support, avoidance coping, frontline workers, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Occupational Stress, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Workplace, Young Adult, Pandemics
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