Predicting recurrence of major depressive episodes using the Depression Implicit Association Test: A Canadian biomarker integration network in depression (CAN-BIND) report

Rnic, Katerina; LeMoult, Joelle; Torres, Ivan J.; Chakrabarty, Trisha; Foster, Jane; Frey, Benicio N.; Harkness, Kate L.; Ho, Keith; Li, Qingqin S.; Milev, Roumen; Quilty, Lena C.; Rotzinger, Susan; Soares, Claudio N.; Uher, Rudolf; Kennedy, Sidney H.; Lam, Raymond W.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115606

Cited by 3Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionMental Health Research Topics

Predicting recurrence of major depressive episodes using the Depression Implicit Association Test: A Canadian biomarker integration network in depression (CAN-BIND) report

Rnic, Katerina, LeMoult, Joelle, Torres, Ivan J., Chakrabarty, Trisha, Foster, Jane, Frey, Benicio N., Harkness, Kate L., Ho, Keith +8 more·2023·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115606

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Abstract

Identifying clinically relevant predictors of depressive recurrence following treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is critical for relapse prevention. Implicit self-depressed associations (SDAs), defined as implicit cognitive associations between elements of depression (e.g., sad, miserable) and oneself, often persist following depressive episodes and may represent a cognitive biomarker for future recurrences. Thus, we examined whether SDAs, and changes in SDAs over time, prospectively predict depressive recurrence among treatment responders in the CAN-BIND Wellness Monitoring for MDD Study, a prospective cohort study conducted across 5 clinical centres. A total of 96 patients with MDD responding to various treatments were followed an average of 1.01 years. Participants completed the Depression Implicit Association Test (DIAT) - a computer-based measure of SDAs - every 8 weeks on a tablet device. Survival analyses indicated that greater SDAs at baseline and increases in SDAs over time predicted shorter time to MDD recurrence, even after accounting for depressive symptom severity. The findings show that SDAs are a robust prognostic indicator of risk for MDD recurrence, and that the DIAT may be a feasible and low-cost clinical screening tool. SDAs also represent a potential mechanism underlying the course of recurrent depression and are a promising target for relapse prevention interventions.

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Greater self-depressed associations at baseline and longitudinal increases across follow-up predicted a shorter time to relapse in this cohort (DIAT).
“We found that greater self-depressed associations at baseline and longitudinal increases across follow-up predicted a shorter time to relapse in this cohort. 46”
From Predicting Relapse of Depressive Episodes During Maintenance Treatment: The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND) Wellness Monitoring in Major Depressive Disorder Study: Prédire la rechute d’épisodes dépressifs pendant le traitement d’entretien : Une étude de suivi du bien-être dans les troubles dépressifs majeurs du Réseau canadien d’intégration des biomarqueurs pour la dépression (CAN-BIND) (2025) · cites this paper as [46]

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Predicting Relapse of Depressive Episodes During Maintenance Treatment: The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND) Wellness Monitoring in Major Depressive Disorder Study: Prédire la rechute d’épisodes dépressifs pendant le traitement d’entretien : Une étude de suivi du bien-être dans les troubles dépressifs majeurs du Réseau canadien d’intégration des biomarqueurs pour la dépression (CAN-BIND)
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Authors: Rnic, K., LeMoult, J., Torres, I. J., Chakrabarty, T., Foster, J., Frey, B. N., Harkness, K. L., Ho, K., Li, Q. S., Milev, R., Quilty, L. C., Rotzinger, S., Soares, C. N., Uher, R., Kennedy, S. H., & Lam, R. W.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
McMaster University (CA)
Queen's University (CA)
University of Toronto (CA)
Janssen Research & Development (United States) (US)
Dalhousie University (CA)
Corresponding author: Rnic, Katerina
ORCID: Rnic, Katerina
LeMoult, Joelle
Torres, Ivan J.
Chakrabarty, Trisha
Foster, Jane
Frey, Benicio N.
Harkness, Kate L.
Li, Qingqin S.
Milev, Roumen
Quilty, Lena C.
Rotzinger, Susan
Uher, Rudolf
Kennedy, Sidney H.
Lam, Raymond W.
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2023-12
Volume: 330
Pages: 115606
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115606
OpenAlex: W4388665999
Cited by: 3
References: 36
Citations by year: 2025: 3
FWCI: 0.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer Canada
Servier Canada Inc
Janssen Inc
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada
Ontario Brain Institute
Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
Killam Trusts
Lundbeck Canada Inc
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: major depressive disorder, depression recurrence, recurrence prediction, cognitive biomarkers, prognostic factors, relapse prevention, treatment response
MeSH terms: Canada, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Biomarkers

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Predicting recurrence of major depressive episodes using the Depression Implicit Association Test: A Canadian biomarker integration network in depression (CAN-BIND) report

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