Child care setting affects salivary cortisol and antibody secretion in young children
Abstract
Elevated afternoon levels of cortisol have been found repeatedly in children during child care. However, it is unclear whether these elevations have any consequences. Because physiologic stress systems and the immune system are functionally linked, we examined the relationship between salivary cortisol concentration and antibody secretion across the day at home and in child care, and their relationships with parent-reported illnesses. Salivary antibody provides a critical line of defense against pathogens entering via the mouth, but little is known about its diurnal rhythm in young children or the effect of different environmental contexts. Saliva samples were taken at approximately 10:30 a.m., 3:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. on two child care and two home days in a sample of 65 3-5-year-old children attending very high quality, full time child care centers. Results indicated that (1) a rising cortisol profile at child care, driven by higher afternoon levels, predicted lower antibody levels on the subsequent weekend, (2) higher cortisol on weekend days was related to greater parent-reported illness, and (3) a declining daily pattern in sIgA was evident on weekend and child care days for older preschoolers, but only on weekend days for younger preschoolers. The results suggest that elevated cortisol in children during child care may be related to both lowered antibody levels and greater illness frequency.
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Lower versus higher quality out-of-home care affects immune function, with child-care-linked increases in cortisol accompanied by lower immune function and higher parent-reported illness.
“Further evidence of the role of lower- versus higher-quality out-of-home care in “getting under the skin” extends to children’s compromised immune function, with child-care-linked increases in cortisol accompanied by lower immune function and higher rates of parent-reported illness”
From School Readiness and Self-Regulation: A Developmental Psychobiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as Watamura et al. 2010
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Biological Measurement in Intervention Research
McCarthy, D. (2012) · Springer Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1891/9780826109583.0009
- Authors
- Watamura, S. E., Coe, C. L., Laudenslager, M. L., & Robertson, S. S.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Watamura, Sarah Enos
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1156-1166
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123220973
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd023814-09)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-013973, R01AA013973)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD23814, HD 23814)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- salivary cortisol, salivary IgA, child care, diurnal cycle, stress and immunity, preschool children, salivary antibodies, weekend effect
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Child, Child Behavior, Child Care, Child Day Care Centers, Child, Preschool, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Social Environment, Time Factors
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