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Social support predicts inflammation, pain, and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal relationships among breast cancer survivors
Open accessAbstract
Objective Pain and depressive symptoms are commonly experienced by cancer survivors. Lower social support is linked to a variety of negative mental and physical health outcomes among survivors. Immune dysregulation may be one mechanism linking low social support to the development of pain and depressive symptoms over time. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationships among survivors' social support, pain, depressive symptoms, and inflammation.Methods Breast cancer survivors (N=164, stages 0-IIIA) completed two study visits, one before any cancer treatment and the other 6 months after the completion of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, whichever came last. Women completed self-report questionnaires assessing social support, pain, and depressive symptoms, and provided a blood sample at both visits.Results Survivors with lower social support prior to treatment experienced higher levels of pain and depressive symptoms over time than their more socially supported counterparts. Furthermore, women with lower pretreatment social support had higher levels of IL-6 over time, and these elevations in IL-6 predicted marginally larger increases in depressive symptoms.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that social support at the time of diagnosis predicts the post-treatment development of pain, depressive symptoms, and inflammation. Consequently, early interventions targeting survivors' social networks could improve quality of life during survivorship.
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“Carer support is one of the most important determinants of women's psychological wellbeing.”
From A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) with and without main carer access versus treatment-as-usual for depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors: Study protocol (2021) · cites this paper as Hughes et al., 2014
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“Social support from significant others is one of the most important determinants of patients' positive psychological adjustment and lower psychological distress”
From A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) with and without main carer access versus treatment-as-usual for depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors: Study protocol (2021) · cites this paper as Hughes et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“They are also predictive of development of coronary heart disease and stroke [7], increases in systolic blood pressure [8, 9], and chronic pain [10, 11] in longitudinal studies.”
From Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hughes, S., Jaremka, L. M., Alfano, C. M., Glaser, R., Povoski, S. P., Lipari, A. M., Agnese, D. M., Farrar, W. B., Yee, L. D., Carson, W. E., Malarkey, W. B., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hughes, Spenser
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 38-44
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3970938
- OpenAlex
- W2135877653
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 6.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001070, UL1TR000090)
- National Cancer Institute (CA016058, K05CA172296, CA131029, R01CA131029, P30CA016058)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025755)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- breast cancer survivors, social support, pain, depressive symptoms, inflammation, interleukin-6, immune dysregulation, cancer survivorship, quality of life, social networks
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Depression, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Pain, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Survivors
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