SOCIAL NETWORKS AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
Abstract
Lack of social integration predicts coronary heart disease mortality in prospective studies; however, the biological pathways that may be responsible are poorly understood. The specific aims of this study were to examine whether social networks are associated with serum concentrations of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Participants in the Framingham Study attending examinations from 1998 to 2001 ( n =3267) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Social networks were assessed using the Berkman–Syme Social Network Index (SNI). Concentrations of IL-6, CRP, sICAM-1 and MCP-1 were measured in fasting serum samples. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of social networks with inflammatory markers adjusting for potential confounders including age, smoking, blood pressure, total:HDL cholesterol ratio, body mass index, lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression and socioeconomic status. Results found that the SNI was significantly inversely associated with IL-6 in men ( p =0·03) after adjusting for potential confounders. In age-adjusted analyses, social networks also were significantly inversely associated with IL-6 for women ( p =0·03) and were marginally to modestly associated with CRP and sICAM-1 for men ( p =0·08 and 0·02, respectively), but these associations were not significant in the multivariate analyses. In conclusion, social networks were found to be inversely associated with interleukin-6 levels in men. The possibility that inflammatory markers may be potential mediators between social integration and coronary heart disease merits further investigation.
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The SNI has published psychometrics and evidence of predictive validity.
“Psychometrics on the SNI and additional evidence for the scale's predictive validity are available in previous publications [19], [20].”
From Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia (2017) · cites this paper as [20]
Animal and human studies suggest that different aspects of social support may have variable effects because of differences in how they influence mediating pathways such as cognitive stimulation, systemic inflammation, or lifestyle habits.
“Animal and human studies suggest that different aspects of social support may have variable effects because of differences in how different forms of social support influence other mediating pathways, such as cognitive stimulation [12], systemic inflammation [20], or lifestyle habits [39], [40].”
From Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia (2017) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- LOUCKS, E. B., SULLIVAN, L. M., D’AGOSTINO Sr, R. B., LARSON, M. G., BERKMAN, L. F., & BENJAMIN, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Biosocial Science
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-01-27
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 835-842
- ISSN
- 0021-9320 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7599
- OpenAlex
- W2135944282
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biosocial Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01‐HC25195, R01HL064753, R01HL076784, HL64753, HL76784)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- social networks, social integration, inflammatory markers, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, MCP-1, coronary artery disease, sex differences, Framingham Heart Study
- MeSH terms
- C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Social Support, United States, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Chemokine CCL2
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