Attachment in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
This paper aims to synthesise the literature on attachment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting gaps in current research and applications for clinical practice. The research databases PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the terms “autism” and “attachment”. Forty papers investigating attachment in children with ASD were identified and narratively reviewed. Seven samples were identified that reported attachment classifications using the Strange Situation Paradigm, with an average of 47% of children with ASD classified as secure (n = 186). With research to date concluding that children with ASD can form secure attachments, studies are now looking at risk and protective factors in the development of attachment, correlates of attachment, attachment disorders in children with ASD, and attachment-based interventions for children with ASD. Many of these studies are preliminary investigations with contradictory findings reported, highlighting important directions for future research.
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A recent meta-analysis concluded that more severe autism characteristics are associated with less secure attachment in children with ASD.
“In addition, a recent meta-analysis concluded that more severe autism characteristics are associated with less secure attachment in children with ASD [22].”
From Behavioral effects of multiple-dose oxytocin treatment in autism: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with long-term follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
A recent meta-analysis showed an association between the severity of autism characteristics and less secure attachment in children with ASD.
“a notion that is generally supported by a recent meta-analysis showing an association between the severity of autism characteristics and less secure attachment in children with ASD [22]”
From Behavioral effects of multiple-dose oxytocin treatment in autism: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with long-term follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
Individuals with ASD are capable of forming a secure attachment to their caregivers, but they tend to be less securely attached than their typically developing peers.
“While individuals with ASD are capable of forming a secure attachment to their caregivers (Shapiro et al., 1987, Teague et al., 2017), they tend to be less securely attached than their typically developing peers (for a meta-analysis, see Rutgers et al., 2004).”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Teague et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Teague, S. J., Gray, K. M., Tonge, B. J., & Newman, L. K.
- Affiliations
- Monash Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Gray, Kylie M.
- Venue
- Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 35
- Pages
- 35-50
- ISSN
- 1878-0237 (ISSN-L)
- 1750-9467
- OpenAlex
- W2563957315
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Research in Autism (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, attachment, secure attachment, attachment security, Strange Situation Procedure, attachment disorders, attachment-based intervention, risk and protective factors, children with autism
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