The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Life cycle environmental and economic performance of biochar compared with activated carbon: A meta-analysis
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Gross GWP100 of SPB-500 (+8.771 kg CO2e/kg) is within the reported literature range for commercial GAC (3.5-9.0 kg CO2e/kg).
“Gross GWP100 (production only) | kg CO 2 e kg -1 | +8.771 | 3.5-9.0 [28,32] | Within reported literature range”
From Integrated Techno-Economic, Environmental Screening, and Social Return on Investment Analysis of Community-Scale Sawdust–Polypropylene Co-Pyrolysis for Heavy-Metal Adsorbent Production in Rural Area, Thailand (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The available passage reporting the study’s results (section and page not provided) gives an average of 6.6 kg CO2eq/kg for activated carbon. It does not report the attributed 3.5–9.0 range or establish that the comparison is specifically with commercial GAC production. The +8.771 figure is the citing study’s own result, not a figure attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCED of SPB-500 (57.6 MJ/kg) is lower to comparable to commercial GAC (50-120 MJ/kg).
“Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) | MJ kg -1 | 57.6 | 50-120 [28,32] | Lower to comparable”
From Integrated Techno-Economic, Environmental Screening, and Social Return on Investment Analysis of Community-Scale Sawdust–Polypropylene Co-Pyrolysis for Heavy-Metal Adsorbent Production in Rural Area, Thailand (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The study summary in our copy (section and page unavailable) reports average energy demands of 6.1 MJ/kg for biochar and 97 MJ/kg for activated carbon, supporting the general comparison. It does not give the cited 50–120 MJ/kg range for commercial GAC or address SPB-500’s 57.6 MJ/kg value. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCumulative Energy Demand (CED) for SPB-500 is 57.6 MJ kg-1.
“Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) | MJ kg -1 | 57.6 | 50-120 [28,32] | Lower to comparable”
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Citations
Cites
Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change
Woolf, D., Amonette, J. E., Street-Perrott, F. A., Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2010) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1053 · Cited by 2,680
A review of biochar and its use and function in soil
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Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals
Park, J. H., Choppala, G. K., Bolan, N. S., Chung, J. W., & Chuasavathi, T. (2011) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y · Cited by 1,157
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Zhang, X., Wang, H., He, L., Lu, K., Sarmah, A., Li, J., Bolan, N. S., Pei, J., & Huang, H. (2013) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1659-0 · Cited by 889
The immobilisation and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar
Beesley, L., & Marmiroli, M. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.016 · Cited by 769
Gaunt, J. L., & Lehmann, J. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es071361i · Cited by 631
Harvey, O. R., Herbert, B. E., Rhue, R. D., & Kuo, L.-J. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es104401h · Cited by 507
Adsorption of Pb(II) on variable charge soils amended with rice-straw derived biochar
Jiang, T.-Y., Jiang, J., Xu, R.-K., & Li, Z. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.028 · Cited by 352
A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction
Nhuchhen, D., Basu, P., & Acharya, B. (2014) · International Journal of Renewable Energy & Biofuels · doi:10.5171/2014.506376 · Cited by 300 · cited 2×
“…to be used as an adsorbent in units of $/kg. Bulk density of biochar ranged between 0.1-1.1 Mg/m3 based on 20 datapoints as shown in Table 2 (Anderson et al. 2013; Beesley and Marmiroli 2011; Berger 2012; Downie 2011; Mahimairaja 2012; Mohan et al. 2011; Nhuchhen et al. 2014; Shackley et al. 2010).”
MethodInfluentialBiomass Pyrolysis for Biochar or Energy Applications? A Life Cycle Assessment
Peters, J. F., Iribarren, D., & Dufour, J. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5060786 · Cited by 272
Enhanced Lead Sorption by Biochar Derived from Anaerobically Digested Sugarcane Bagasse
Inyang, M., Gao, B., Ding, W., Pullammanappallil, P., Zimmerman, A. R., & Cao, X. (2011) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2011.584604 · Cited by 265
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Metadata
- Authors
- Alhashimi, H. A., & Aktas, C. B.
- Venue
- Resources, Conservation and Recycling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 118
- Pages
- 13-26
- ISSN
- 0921-3449
- Cited by
- 547
- References
- 12
- Language
- en
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