Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
Open accessAbstract
Hydrothermal conversion of biomass into biofuel could produce a special type of biochar as byproduct. This biochar is quite different from biochar derived from high temperature pyrolysis. In the present study, two biochars, prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of pinewood (P300) and rice husk (R300), were characterized and investigated for lead removal from aqueous solution. The results indicated that the biochars contained a large amount of oxygen-containing groups on the surface, which were quite effective for lead removal with capacities of 4.25 and 2.40 mg/g for P300 and R300, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved around 5h. Higher temperature favored the removal capacity implying that the adsorption was an endothermic process. The adsorption data at optimum solution pH 5 could be well described by Langmuir model and the adsorption process was well fitted by pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, it was found that the adsorption was mainly controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamics analysis suggested that lead adsorption onto the biochars was physical endothermic process.
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Oxygen content can increase surface oxidation of biochar leading to enhanced metal complexation.
“This oxygen content can increase surface oxidation of the biochar leading to enhance the metal complexation (Mohan and Pittman 2007; Liu and Zhang 2009).”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Liu and Zhang 2009
Chemical adsorption of organic pollutants by biochar mainly depends on chemical interactions between biochar and organic pollutant, which can be π bonds, hydrogen bonds, and coordination bonds.
“while the chemical adsorption mainly depends on the chemical interactions between the biochar and the organic pollutant, which can be π bonds, hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds (Liu and Zhang 2009).”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Liu and Zhang 2009
Among biochars from cole, peanut, and rapeseed straw pyrolyzed at 350°C, rapeseed straw gives the highest methyl violet adsorption at room temperature.
“Rapeseed straw gave the highest adsorption at room temperature.”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Liu and Zhang 2009
Electrostatic attraction exists between methyl violet and biochar.
“The presence of electrostatic attraction between methyl violet and biochar was confirmed by zeta potential and FTIR analysis.”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Liu and Zhang 2009
Biochar from cole, peanut, and rapeseed straw pyrolyzed at 350°C has methyl violet adsorption capacity in the range 123.5-195.4 mg/g.
“The methyl violet adsorption capacity of their biochar was in the range of 123.5-195.4mg/g.”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Liu and Zhang 2009
Methyl violet is mainly adsorbed on hydrophilic and COO- sites of biochar.
“The results revealed that the methyl violet was mainly adsorbed on the hydrophilic andCOO-sites.”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Liu and Zhang 2009
Liu and Zhang (2009) produced pinewood and rice husk-derived hydrochars via HTL and applied them to remove lead from aqueous solution; high temperatures favored adsorption of lead as it is a physical endothermic process.
“Pinewood and rice husk-derived hydrochars were produced via the HTL technique and applied in the removal of lead from the aqueous solution by Liu and Zhang (2009) [94].The thermodynamics of the adsorption study revealed that high temperatures favored the adsorption of lead as it is a physical endothermic process.”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Liu, Z., & Zhang, F.-S.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Fu-Shen
- ORCID
- Liu, Zhengang
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 933-939
- ISSN
- 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985906925
- Cited by
- 710
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ir.rcees.ac.cn
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2008BAC32B03, 2007CB407303)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- lead removal, biochar, hydrothermal liquefaction, biomass-derived biochar, pine forest, rice husk, heavy metal adsorption, oxygen-containing surface groups, adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics, film diffusion, Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetics, water treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Energy-Generating Resources, Hot Temperature, Lead, Oryza, Thermodynamics, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Wood, Water Purification, Biomass, Pinus
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