Energy balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production
Abstract
The implications for greenhouse gas emissions of optimizing a slow pyrolysis-based bioenergy system for biochar and energy production rather than solely for energy production were assessed. Scenarios for feedstock production were examined using a life-cycle approach. We considered both purpose grown bioenergy crops (BEC) and the use of crop wastes (CW) as feedstocks. The BEC scenarios involved a change from growing winter wheat to purpose grown miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn as bioenergy crops. The CW scenarios consider both corn stover and winter wheat straw as feedstocks. Our findings show that the avoided emissions are between 2 and 5 times greater when biochar is applied to agricultural land (2--19 Mg CO2 ha(-1) y(-1)) than used solely for fossil energy offsets. 41--64% of these emission reductions are related to the retention of C in biochar, the rest to offsetting fossil fuel use for energy, fertilizer savings, and avoided soil emissions other than CO2. Despite a reduction in energy output of approximately 30% where the slow pyrolysis technology is optimized to produce biochar for land application, the energy produced per unit energy input at 2--7 MJ/MJ is greater than that of comparable technologies such as ethanol from corn. The C emissions per MWh of electricity production range from 91-360 kg CO2 MWh(-1), before accounting for C offset due to the use of biochar are considerably below the lifecycle emissions associated with fossil fuel use for electricity generation (600-900 kg CO2 MWh(-1)). Low-temperature slow pyrolysis offers an energetically efficient strategy for bioenergy production, and the land application of biochar reduces greenhouse emissions to a greater extent than when the biochar is used to offset fossil fuel emissions.
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Concept of carbon sequestration gained huge interest around the globe due to encouraging strategy for CO2 mitigation.
“The concept of carbon sequestration gained huge interest around the globe due to the encouraging strategy for CO 2 mitigation [112,113].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [112]
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- Authors
- Gaunt, J. L., & Lehmann, J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gaunt, John L.
- ORCID
- Lehmann, Johannes
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-04-30
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4152-4158
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2042846447
- Cited by
- 631
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 48.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- biochar, slow pyrolysis, energy crops, crop residues, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration, Miscanthus, switchgrass, corn stover, winter wheat straw, life cycle assessment, energy balance, soil carbon retention, fertilizer savings, electricity generation
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Carbon Dioxide, Poaceae, Hot Temperature, Methane, Nitrous Oxide
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