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Epidemiology of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. A changing face
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is a leading cause of mortality. Candidaemia is the most common clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis but more that 30% of these infections do not yield positive blood cultures. Candida albicans remains the predominant aetiology, accounting for 50% of all cases. However, there has been an epidemiological shift in the last decades. Some species of Candida different to C. albicans have emerged as an important cause of severe candidaemia as they can exhibit resistance to fluconazole and other antifungal agents. Moreover, there is a different distribution of non C. albicans Candida species in relationship to patients' and hospital characteristics. Thus, Candida parapsilosis has been associated to candidaemia in neonates and young adults. This species usually has an exogenously origin and contaminates medical devices, causing central venous catheter-associated candidaemias. Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei are isolated in blood cultures from older patients (>65 years) with important risk factors, such as major abdominal surgery, solid tumours and haematologic malignancies, transplants, and/or prolonged treatment with corticoids. Moreover, important geographical differences in the distribution of the Candida species different to C. albicans causing invasive candidiasis have been reported: C. parapsilosis predominates in Australia, Latin America and Mediterranean countries of Africa, Asia and Europe. In contrast, C. glabrata has an important aetiological role in USA and Central and Northern Europe. Finally, an important and worrying issue is that mortality due to invasive candidiasis remains unacceptably high. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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“Although infections with C. albicans are still the most common, epidemiology is shifting towards non-albicans Candida, wherein the specific relative incidences are being time- and space-dependent [30]”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Quindós, G.
- Affiliations
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Quindós, Guillermo
- ORCID
- Quindós, Guillermo
- Venue
- Revista Iberoamericana de Micología
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-48
- ISSN
- 1130-1406 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993370685
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Revista Iberoamericana de Micología (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- invasive candidiasis, candidemia, non-albicans Candida, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, fluconazole resistance, antifungal resistance, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Candida, Child, Cross Infection, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Morbidity, Species Specificity, Global Health, Incidence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Young Adult, Candidiasis, Invasive, Candidemia
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