Defining the active ingredients of interactive computer play interventions for children with neuromotor impairments: a scoping review
Abstract
Rehabilitation researchers who investigate complex interventions are challenged to describe the "active ingredients" of their interventions: the reason(s) why a treatment is expected to be effective. Interactive Computer Play (ICP) is an emerging complex intervention in rehabilitation practice and research. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the active ingredients of ICP interventions that are designed to improve motor outcomes in children with neuromotor impairments. Eleven potential active ingredients were identified with the following foci: ICP system or game properties; intervention effects on the user; and therapist roles. However, few studies explicitly evaluate the impact of particular ingredients on outcomes. Identification of active ingredients in ICP interventions can inform trial design and clinical decision-making. Research and clinical practice will benefit from studies that utilize a framework such as motor learning theory to guide hypotheses and measurement of the active ingredients of complex interventions.
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VR games usually have attainable goals that can be progressed and that enhance children's attention in therapy.
“VR games usually have goals to attain that can be progressed and enhance children's attention in therapy.[11][12][13]”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Levac et al.'s scoping review suggested that VR helps children with CP improve motor skills through user-side factors, VR system or game properties, and personal support.
“Recently, Levac et al 11 in a scoping review suggested some possible reasons from VR therapy that help children with CP improve their motor skills including from the user's side (VR enhanced problem-solving and cognitive engagement during play and increased motivation and neuroplasticity changes);”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The active elements of VR can change personal and environmental barriers, and by reducing barriers or enhancing enablers, children with CP may reduce impairments and activity limitations and improve participation.
“All these active elements from VR help to change personal and environmental barriers that a child with CP may face.By decreasing these barriers or enhancing the enablers, a child with CP may gradually decrease impairments of his/her body structure and function and activity limitations, and gradually improve participation in school, communities, and society.11”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Motivation has been recognized as an important reason why VR works.
“In addition, motivation has been recognized as an important reason in explaining why VR works.11”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Levac, D., Rivard, L., & Missiuna, C.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- CanChild Centre for Childhood-onset Disability Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Levac, Danielle
- Venue
- Research in Developmental Disabilities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 214-223
- ISSN
- 0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044808718
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- active ingredients, complex interventions, neuromotor impairment, children, motor outcome, rehabilitation, motor learning theory, therapist role, intervention design
- MeSH terms
- Child, Communication Devices for People with Disabilities, Communication Aids for Disabled, Humans, Motor Skills, Neuromuscular Diseases, Therapy, Computer-Assisted
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