The emergent role of artificial intelligence, natural learning processing, and large language models in higher education and research
Open accessAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various domains, including education and research. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques and large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and BARD have significantly advanced our comprehension and application of AI in these fields. This paper provides an in-depth introduction to AI, NLP, and LLMs, discussing their potential impact on education and research. By exploring the advantages, challenges, and innovative applications of these technologies, this review gives educators, researchers, students, and readers a comprehensive view of how AI could shape educational and research practices in the future, ultimately leading to improved outcomes. Key applications discussed in the field of research include text generation, data analysis and interpretation, literature review, formatting and editing, and peer review. AI applications in academics and education include educational support and constructive feedback, assessment, grading, tailored curricula, personalized career guidance, and mental health support. Addressing the challenges associated with these technologies, such as ethical concerns and algorithmic biases, is essential for maximizing their potential to improve education and research outcomes. Ultimately, the paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the role of AI in education and research and highlight its potential to lead to better outcomes for students, educators, and researchers.
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AI integration into education has significantly transformed teaching, learning, and assessment practices.
“Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into education has significantly transformed teaching, learning, and assess -ment practices [ 23, 24 ].”
From Redefining student assessment in AI-infused learning environments: a systematic review of challenges and strategies for academic integrity (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
AI allowed students to explore learning content according to their own pace and interests.
“AI allowed students to explore learning content according to their own pace and interests, which was consistent with previous research concluding that personalized instruction enhances engagement [40].”
From Exploring the integration of AI and national quality courses in China: a study on teaching practices in nursing smart education (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Research described faculty support tools evolving into teaching assistance systems with advanced feedback generation.
“research also described faculty support tools evolving into teaching assistance systems with advanced feedback generation”
From Patterns, advances, and gaps in using ChatGPT and similar technologies in nursing education: A PAGER scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Alqahtani et al., 2023
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“Personalized Learning Experience: AI allowed students to explore learning content according to their own pace and interests, which was consistent with previous research concluding that personalized instruction enhances engagement [40].”
- Authors
- Alqahtani, T., Badreldin, H. A., Alrashed, M., Alshaya, A. I., Alghamdi, S. S., bin Saleh, K., Alowais, S. A., Alshaya, O. A., Rahman, I., Al Yami, M. S., & Albekairy, A. M.
- Affiliations
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (SA)
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Alqahtani, Tariq
- ORCID
- Venue
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1236-1242
- ISSN
- 1551-7411 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4379284826
- Semantic Scholar
- c44763df0d165e3fef6acbaf729f625704a427d3
- Cited by
- 565
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 252 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 23.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in education, large language models, natural language processing, GPT-4, text generation, automated peer review, automated grading, personalized learning, career guidance, mental health support, algorithmic bias, AI ethics, literature review automation
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Curriculum, Educational Status, Humans, Learning, Students
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