Examining encoding imprecision in spatial working memory in schizophrenia
Abstract
Background Visuospatial working memory is not a unitary sketch pad but comprises independent dimensions of target distance and direction and at least two levels of detail (fine-grained and category level). The aim of this study was to examine these multiple aspects of encoding in patients with schizophrenia using a modified delayed response task.Method 42 patients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy controls pointed, as accurately as possible from a fixed starting position, to the visual location of target stimuli presented to a touch-sensitive screen. An adaptive staircase procedure was used to equate stimulus duration for each individual. Encoding accuracy and maintenance of distance (mm) and direction ( degrees ) information was examined following a 0-second (immediate) or 4-second (unfilled) delay. Analyses utilized both absolute (unsigned) and signed data.Results The results showed that the average duration required to detect a target was significantly longer in patients than controls. When stimulus duration was equated, (a) the absolute accuracy of distance and direction responses was not significantly different between groups at 0-second delay but was significantly reduced at 4-second delay in patients with schizophrenia, and (b) signed direction errors at 4-second delay were significantly different between groups at stimulus angles greater than 90 degrees .Conclusions The findings challenge previous suggestions of deficits in fine-grained encoding of spatial information in schizophrenia but confirm a difficulty maintaining both direction and distance details in working memory. Imprecision in spatial memory in schizophrenia also introduced greater bias from category level (prior) representations, especially in left hemi-space.
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Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit greater variability in memory-guided saccades, due in part to impaired maintenance.
“Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit greater variability in memory-guided saccades, due in part to impaired maintenance (Badcock et al. 2008).”
From Linking microcircuit dysfunction to cognitive impairment: Effects of disinhibition associated with schizophrenia in a cortical working memory model (2014) · cites this paper as Badcock et al. 2008
The greater loss of WM precision over time captures prior experimental observations of behavior in schizophrenia.
“This greater loss of WM precision over time captures prior experimental observations of behavior in schizophrenia (Badcock et al. 2008).”
From Linking microcircuit dysfunction to cognitive impairment: Effects of disinhibition associated with schizophrenia in a cortical working memory model (2014) · cites this paper as Badcock et al. 2008
In a single-item spatial working memory experiment, behavioral results for schizophrenia patients were consistent with degraded precision, manifested as increased scatter of reports around the target location.
“Indeed, in a single-item spatial WM experiment, behavioral results for schizophrenia patients were consistent with degraded precision, manifested as increased scatter of reports around the target location (Badcock et al. 2008).”
From Linking microcircuit dysfunction to cognitive impairment: Effects of disinhibition associated with schizophrenia in a cortical working memory model (2014) · cites this paper as Badcock et al. 2008
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- Authors
- Badcock, J. C., Badcock, D. R., Read, C., & Jablensky, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Badcock, Johanna C.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 144-152
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019428791
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, visuospatial working memory
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Space Perception, Reproducibility of Results, Control Groups
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