Regulation of cognitive resources during an n-back task in youth-onset psychosis and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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The goals of the current study were to use behavioral and pupillary measures to examine working memory on a spatial n-back task in 8-20-year-olds with youth-onset psychosis or ADHD (Combined subtype) and healthy controls to determine the contribution of different attentional factors to spatial working memory impairments, and to examine if age-related changes in performance differed across groups. Although both clinical groups had lower perceptual sensitivity on both 0- and 1-back, there was no evidence of an impairment in spatial working memory or differential order effects on the 0-back. Instead, results suggest that both clinical groups had difficulty encoding the stimuli. They also appeared to have difficulty maintaining attention and/or readiness to respond, and, to a lesser extent, recruiting resources on a trial-to-trial basis. It is likely that these attentional problems prevented the clinical groups from encoding the stimuli effectively and contributed to their general performance deficits.
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The finding of larger ADHD-control differences at higher n-back loads is consistent with some prior studies, while other studies have found only a general deficit across loads.
“This finding is consistent with previous studies demonstrating greater ADHD performance deficits, relative to controls, during larger n-back loads (e.g., Klein et al., 2006; Kobel 2008), though other studies have observed only a general deficit across n-back loads (e.g., Karatekin, Bingham, & White, 2009; Shallice, et al., 2002).”
From Improving Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Separate and Combined Effects of Incentives and Stimulant Medication (2012) · cites this paper as Karatekin, Bingham, & White, 2009
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Self-citationTheis, N. D., Bahuguna, J., Rubin, J. E., Banerjee, S. S., Muldoon, B., & Prasad, K. M. R. (2025) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70129 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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ERPs in Controls and ADHD Patients During Dual N-Back Task
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A comparative study of the working memory multicomponent model in psychosis and healthy controls
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Neurowissenschaftliche Erklärungsansätze und –modelle
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Effects of Nicotine on a Translational Model of Working Memory
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Test-retest reliability and behavioural correlates of pupil responses in an n-back taskPreprint
Bényei, G. L., & Pajkossy, P. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/vrphq
De comorbiditeit tussen ADHD en dyslexie
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Decibels and development: How noise exposure at home and school influences early attentional skills
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- Authors
- Karatekin, C., Bingham, C., & White, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Karatekin, Canan
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 294-307
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2719677
- OpenAlex
- W2053707678
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (5k08mh068540-05)
- Center for Neurobehavioral Development
- National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH063150, K08-MH068540)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000400)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, spatial working memory, n-back task, pupillometry, cognitive resource allocation, perceptual sensitivity, stimulus encoding, sustained attention, age-related changes
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Conditioning, Eyelid, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotic Disorders, Pupil, Reaction Time, Statistics as Topic, Antipsychotic Agents, Signal Detection, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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