Auditory verbal hallucinations and cognitive functioning in healthy individuals
Open accessAbstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a characteristic symptom in schizophrenia, and also occur in the general, non-clinical population. In schizophrenia patients, several specific cognitive deficits, such as in speech processing, working memory, source memory, attention, inhibition, episodic memory and self-monitoring have been associated with auditory verbal hallucinations. Such associations are interesting, as they may identify specific cognitive traits that constitute a predisposition for AVH. However, it is difficult to disentangle a specific relation with AVH in patients with schizophrenia, as so many other factors can affect the performance on cognitive tests. Examining the cognitive profile of healthy individuals experiencing AVH may reveal a more direct association between AVH and aberrant cognitive functioning in a specific domain. For the current study, performance in executive functioning, memory (both short- and long-term), processing speed, spatial ability, lexical access, abstract reasoning, language and intelligence performance was compared between 101 healthy individuals with AVH and 101 healthy controls, matched for gender, age, handedness and education. Although performance of both groups was within the normal range, not clinically impaired, significant differences between the groups were found in the verbal domain as well as in executive functioning. Performance on all other cognitive domains was similar in both groups. The predisposition to experience AVH is associated with lower performance in executive functioning and aberrant language performance. This association might be related to difficulties in the inhibition of irrelevant verbal information.
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Healthy individuals develop different beliefs about the origins of the voices: from within myself in 41% vs. from others in 42% cases, 17% are uncertain if these voices are real or not.
“Healthy individuals develop different beliefs about the origins of the voices (from within myself in 41% vs. from others in 42% cases), 17% are uncertain if these voices are real or not [19]”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
Section 2.1.1 says the study measured healthy participants’ beliefs about the origin of their voices, and Table 4 reports their mean conviction that the voices came from external causes. Neither passage reports the claimed 41%/42% split or says that 17% were uncertain whether the voices were real. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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“Indeed, while non-clinical voice-hearers more frequently endorsed external or non-specific spiritual explanations about the origins of the voices heard, clinical voice-hearers more frequently explained that the voices were other (living) people, God, demons/evils or implanted devices [14, 19].”
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- Authors
- Daalman, K., van Zandvoort, M., Bootsman, F., Boks, M., Kahn, R., & Sommer, I.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Daalman, Kirstin
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 203-207
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991045624
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- auditory verbal hallucinations, executive function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Verbal Learning, Multivariate Analysis, Executive Function
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