The auditory dorsal stream plays a crucial role in projecting hallucinated voices into external space
Abstract
Introduction Verbal auditory hallucinations (VAHs) are experienced as spoken voices which seem to originate in the extracorporeal environment or inside the head. Animal and human research has identified a 'where' pathway for sound processing comprising the planum temporale, the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule. We hypothesize that increased activity of that 'where' pathway mediates the exteriorization of VAHs.Methods The fMRI scans of 52 right-handed psychotic patients experiencing frequent VAHs were compared with the reported location of hallucinations, as rated with the aid of the PSYRATS-AHRS. For each subject, a unique VAH activation model was created based on the VAH timings, and subsequently convolved with a gamma function to model the hemodynamic response. In order to examine the neurofunctional equivalents of perceived VAH location, second-level group effects of subjects experiencing either internal (n = 24) or external (n = 28) VAHs were contrasted within planum temporale, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule regions of interest (ROIs).Results Three ROIs were tested for increased activity in relation with the exteriorization of VAHs. The analysis revealed a left-sided medial planum temporale and a right-sided middle frontal gyrus cluster of increased activity. No significant activity was found in the inferior parietal lobule.Conclusions Our study indicates that internal and external VAHs are mediated by a fronto-temporal pattern of neuronal activity while the exteriorization of VAHs stems from additional brain activity in the auditory 'where' pathway, comprising the planum temporale and prefrontal regions.
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The left superior temporal gyrus area has recently been implicated in the experience of externally as opposed to internally experienced AVHs.
“this area has also recently been implicated in the experience of externally as opposed to internally experienced AVHs (Looijestijn et al., 2013).”
From Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option (2013) · cites this paper as Looijestijn et al., 2013
Only a small number of studies have investigated differences in neural activity between phenomenologically different AVHs using fMRI.
“As yet, only a small number of studies have investigated differences in neural activity between phenomenologically different AVHs using fMRI”
From Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option (2013) · cites this paper as Looijestijn et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Looijestijn, J., Diederen, K. M. J., Goekoop, R., Sommer, I. E. C., Daalman, K., Kahn, R. S., Hoek, H. W., & Blom, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Parnassia Groep (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Looijestijn, Jasper
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 314-319
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155039103
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory Pathways, Auditory Perception, Brain Mapping, Female, Frontal Lobe, Hallucinations, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Psychotic Disorders, Voice
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