Probing the pathophysiology of auditory/verbal hallucinations by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation
Open accessAbstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were used to explore the pathophysiology of auditory/verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Sixteen patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder were studied with continuous or near continuous AVHs. For patients with intermittent hallucinations (N = 8), blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation maps comparing hallucination and nonhallucination periods were generated. For patients with continuous hallucinations (N = 8) correlations between BOLD signal time course in Wernicke's area, and other regions were used to map functional coupling to the former. These maps were used to identify 3-6 cortical sites per patient that were probed with 1-Hz rTMS and sham stimulation. Delivering rTMS to left temporoparietal sites in Wernicke's area and the adjacent supramarginal gyrus was accompanied by a greater rate of AVH improvement compared with sham stimulation and rTMS delivered to anterior temporal sites. For intermittent hallucinators, lower levels of hallucination-related activation in Broca's area strongly predicted greater rate of response to left temporoparietal rTMS. For continuous hallucinators, reduced coupling between Wernicke's and a right homologue of Broca's area strongly predicted greater left temporoparietal rTMS rate of response. These findings suggest that dominant hemisphere temporoparietal areas are involved in expressing AVHs, with higher levels of coactivation and/or coupling involving inferior frontal regions reinforcing underlying pathophysiology.
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Hoffman et al. (2007) found no reduction in AVHs after stimulating Broca's area, but did show that responders to the rTMS treatment tended to show reduced functional connectivity between left TPJ and the right homologue of Broca's area.
“It is interesting that Hoffman et al. (2007) found no reduction in AVHs after stimulating Broca's area, but did show that responders to the rTMS treatment tended to show reduced functional connectivity between left TPJ and the right homologue of Broca's area”
From Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option (2013) · cites this paper as Hoffman et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Hoffman, R. E., Hampson, M., Wu, K., Anderson, A. W., Gore, J. C., Buchanan, R. J., Constable, R. T., Hawkins, K. A., Sahay, N., & Krystal, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-02-13
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2733-2743
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC2634833
- OpenAlex
- W2101356730
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02aa000261-04)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K02 AA 00261-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH063326, R01MH067073)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000461)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000125, RR00125)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- auditory verbal hallucinations, schizophrenia, pathophysiology, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, temporoparietal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, functional coupling, BOLD activation, treatment response prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Auditory Perception, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Schizophrenia, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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