The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
This systematic review sets out to give a comprehensive overview of the cytokine profile at the onset of psychosis un-confounded by medication. We aim to provide insight into the early pathophysiological process of psychosis and areas for future research of potential biomarkers able to chart the extent of illness or effectiveness of treatment. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic primary search identified 4638 citations, 4651 studies were retrieved and screened, and 23 studies met the inclusion criteria (published in English before June 2013, patients with neuroleptic naive first episode psychosis, and assessed circulating cytokines). These reported 570 patients, 683 healthy control subjects, and 20 cytokine/cytokine receptors. Papers that contained sufficient stratified data were included in a random-effects pooled effect size meta-analysis. Highly significant effect sizes were found for elevated IL-1β, sIL-2r, IL-6, and TNF-α. Non-significant effect size estimates were obtained for IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ. Thus, we found significant elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum of patients with medication-naive first episode psychosis. This adds to the evidence of a pro-inflammatory immune deregulation in schizophrenia and suggests these cytokines should be the focus for further research in biomarkers of progress and extent of illness. Future studies should focus on the medication-naive group at the early stages of illness with numbers large enough to allow for the control of other potential confounding factors.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In our data, the difference of IL-12 levels in CSF between SCZ and controls was not significant13,46;”
From Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
van Os, J., & Kapur, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60995-8 · Cited by 1,971
Meta-Analysis of Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: Clinical Status and Antipsychotic Effects
Miller, B. J., Buckley, P., Seabolt, W., Mellor, A., & Kirkpatrick, B. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.013 · Cited by 1,742
Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative review
Potvin, S., Stip, E., Sepehry, A. A., Gendron, A., Bah, R., & Kouassi, E. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.024 · Cited by 858
Abnormal gray and white matter volume in delusional infestation
Wolf, R. C., Huber, M. K., Depping, M. S., Thomann, P. A., Kärner, M., Lepping, P., & Freudenmann, R. W. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.004 · Cited by 606
The genetics of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: dissecting psychosis
Craddock, N., O’Donovan, M. C., & Owen, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2005.030718 · Cited by 574
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Dameshek, 1930, White blood cells in dementia praecox and dementia paralytica, Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 24, 855
- Müller, 2011, Inflammation and schizophrenia: pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects, Minerva Psichiatr., 52, 205
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Goldsmith, D. R., Rapaport, M. H., & Miller, B. J. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.3 · Cited by 1,683
Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders
Knuesel, I., Chicha, L., Britschgi, M., Schobel, S. A., Bodmer, M., Hellings, J. A., Toovey, S., & Prinssen, E. P. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.187 · Cited by 880
Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment
Khandaker, G. M., Cousins, L., Deakin, J., Lennox, B. R., Yolken, R., & Jones, P. B. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00122-9 · Cited by 926
The intriguing relationship between coronary heart disease and mental disorders
Binder, M. D., Detraux, J., & Vancampfort, D. (2018) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2018.20.1/mdehert · Cited by 506
Yuan, N., Chen, Y., Xia, Y., Dai, J., & Liu, C. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0570-y · Cited by 428
Metadata
- Authors
- Upthegrove, R., Manzanares-Teson, N., & Barnes, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Upthegrove, Rachel
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 101-108
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969833165
- Cited by
- 501
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- first-episode psychosis, cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Antipsychotic Agents, Cytokines, Databases, Factual
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
