New insights into the epidemiology of childhood atopic dermatitis
Open accessAbstract
There is a growing desire to explain the worldwide rise in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis ( AD ). Trend data on the burden of AD suggest that the picture in the developing world may soon resemble that of wealthier nations, where AD affects over 20% of children. This, combined with significant variations in prevalence within countries, emphasizes the importance of environmental factors. Many hypotheses have been explored, from the modulation of immune priming by hygiene, gut microbiota diversity, and exposure to endotoxins through farm animals to the effects of pollution, climate, and diet. The discovery of the filaggrin skin barrier gene and its importance in AD development and severity has brought the focus on gene–environment interactions and the identification of environmental factors that impact on skin barrier function. This article reviews our current understanding of the epidemiology of AD , with an emphasis on the findings reported in the international literature over the last 5 years.
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Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is TH2 but also TH17 polarized in skin
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Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review
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Self-citationMicrobiome in the gut-skin axis in atopic dermatitis
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The impact of airborne pollution on skin
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The exposome in atopic dermatitis
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Early immunologic changes during the onset of atopic dermatitis
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- Authors
- Flohr, C., & Mann, J.
- Affiliations
- Guy's Hospital (GB)
- Medway NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Flohr, C.
- ORCID
- Flohr, C.
- Venue
- Allergy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-11-21
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-16
- ISSN
- 0105-4538 (ISSN-L)
- 1398-9995
- OpenAlex
- W2018916159
- Cited by
- 499
- References
- 179
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Allergy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- pediatric atopic dermatitis, environmental risk factors, hygiene hypothesis, gut microbiota, endotoxin exposure, farm animal exposure, pollution, climate, diet, filaggrin, skin barrier function, gene-environment interaction, immune priming
- MeSH terms
- Filaggrin Proteins, Child, Dermatitis, Atopic, Environment, Humans, Risk Factors, Global Health, Prevalence, Gene-Environment Interaction
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