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Cation exchange capacity of biochar: An urgent method modification

Munera-Echeverri, J.L., Martinsen, V., Strand, L.T., Zivanovic, V., Cornelissen, G., Mulder, J.·2018·Science of The Total Environment
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.017
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Abstract

Biochar, produced through pyrolysis of organic matter, is negatively charged, thus contributing to electrostatic adsorption of cations. However, due to its porous structure and contents of alkaline ashes, the determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) is challenging. Literature values for the CEC of biochar are surprisingly variable and are often poorly reproducible, suggesting methodological problems. Here, we modify and critically assess different steps in the existing ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAc) method (pH 7), where ammonium (NH 4 + ) is displaced by potassium chloride (KCl), following removal of excess NH 4 OAc with isopropanol, in batch mode. We used pigeon pea biochar to develop the method and conducted a test on three additional biochars with different acid neutralizing capacity. A pretreatment step of biochar was introduced, using diluted hydrochloric acid, to decrease biochar pH to near neutral, so that 1 M NH 4 OAc effectively buffers the biochar suspension pH at 7. This allows the CEC of all biochars to be determined at pH 7, which is crucial for biochar comparison. The dissolution of ashes may cause relatively large weight losses (e.g. for cacao shell biochar), which need to be accounted for when computing the CEC of raw biochar. The sum of NH 4 OAC-extractable base cations provided a smaller and better estimate of the CEC than KCl-extractable NH 4 + . We hypothesize that the overestimation of the CEC based on KCl-extractable NH 4 + is due to the ineffect…

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Research works printed but not linked: 22

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Metadata

Authors
Munera-Echeverri, J. L., Martinsen, V., Strand, L. T., Zivanovic, V., Cornelissen, G., & Mulder, J.
ORCID
Munera-Echeverri, J.L.
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-11
Volume
642
Pages
190-197
ISSN
0048-9697
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.017
Cited by
251
References
9
Language
en
Licence
Funders
Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet (15/02524-1750092003)

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