Zero-waste algal biorefinery for bioenergy and biochar: A green leap towards achieving energy and environmental sustainability
Abstract
In spite of tremendous efforts and huge investments on resources, biodiesel from oleaginous microalgae has not yet become a commercially viable and sustainable alternative to petro-diesel. This is mainly because of the technological and economic challenges hovering around large scale cultivation and downstream processing of algae, water and land usage, stabilized production technology, market forces and government policies on alternative energy and carbon credits. This review attempts to capture and analyse the global trends and developments in the areas of biofuel and bio-product of microalgae and proposes possible strategies that can be adopted to produce biofuel, biochar and bio-products utilizing wastewater in a bio-refinery model. The strategies include "Zero waste discharge" concept with process integration, wherein microalgae is grown strategically using different wastewater combined with flue gas in cultivation system for simultaneous production of 'high-value-low-volume' product and 'low-value-high-volume' product with sharing of the remnant biomass to produce biochar. In addition, the CO 2 present in the atmosphere is captured and sequestered long term in the form of biochar would help to attain carbon negativity, while remediating wastewater and balancing energy requirements. Therefore, "Zero waste discharge" concept holds the potential to make the process a sustainable one, while gaining on the carbon credits.
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Incorporating an algal unit in a sugarcane biorefinery can save costs and reduce CO2 emissions by co-producing algal biofuel and biochar for enhanced sustainability.
“Incorporating an algal unit in a sugarcane biorefinery can save costs and reduce CO2 emissions by co-producing algal biofuel and biochar for enhanced sustainability [142].”
From A Holistic Approach to Circular Bioeconomy Through the Sustainable Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Biofuel and Other Value-Added Products (2024) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- De Bhowmick, G., Sarmah, A. K., & Sen, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sarmah, Ajit K.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 650
- Issue
- Pt 2
- Pages
- 2467-2482
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2895085392
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 17
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Keywords
- algal biorefinery, oleaginous microalgae, biodiesel, biochar, wastewater treatment, process integration, CO2 sequestration, carbon credits, biofuel production, biomass valorization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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