Cited by 465Sustainability and Climate Change GovernanceClimate Change and Sustainable DevelopmentUrban Heat Island Mitigation

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Co-benefits and synergies between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review

Sharifi, Ayyoob·2021·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141642

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Abstract

Accounting for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, cities are major contributors to climate change. Acknowledging this, urban climate change adaptation and mitigation plans are increasingly developed to make progress toward enhancing climate resilience. While there is consensus that focusing on both adaptation and mitigation is necessary for addressing climate change impacts, better understanding of their interactions is needed to efficiently maximize their potentials. This paper, first, provides a bibliographic analysis to map existing knowledge regarding adaptation-mitigation interactions. This is done using methods such as bibliographic coupling, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. Then, drawing on the literature, this study explores two types of interactions between adaptation and mitigation measures, namely co-benefits and synergies. These interactions are explored through analyzing evidence reported in the literature on different measures related to sectors such as energy, transportation, waste, water, green infrastructure, urban planning, and governance. Results of the bibliographic analysis show that there is a lack of research in the Global South. Results of the detailed content analysis show that many measures can provide co-benefits and synergies. Measures related to green infrastructure, buildings, energy systems, and, transportation are particularly capable of providing co-benefits. In addition, it was found that appropriate levels of density, promotion of public transportation, and urban greenery are measures that are more likely to provide synergistic benefits if combined with other adaptation and/or mitigation measures. This study highlights the need for more empirical research to better understand the magnitude of synergistic benefits between different measures.

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Background
Smart city solutions and climate change mitigation: An overview
Sharifi, A., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85552-5.00017-8 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
An Experiment in Transdisciplinary Systems Mapping: Architecture and the Water–Energy–Sanitation Nexus in Brazil
de Castro, M. A. S., Valencio, N., Iossifova, D., Santiago, C. D., Ziglio, L., Valencio, A., Pugliesi, É., Gonçalves, J. C., Cheung, E., & Sengupta, U. (2024) · Architecture · doi:10.3390/architecture4010006 · Cited by 4
Rethinking Public Transit Networks Using Climate Change Mitigation and Social Justice Lenses: Great Victoria Area Case Study
Ghadiri, M., & Newell, R. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16062414 · Cited by 4
Factors Influencing Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices Adoption and Crop Productivity among Smallholder Farmers in Nyimba District, ZambiaPreprint
Chavula, P., Shepande, C., Feyissa, S., & Sileshi, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3604497/v1 · Cited by 4
Integrative Approaches to Interconnected Environmental Challenges: How Institutional Factors Influence Cross-Sector Integration in Dutch Rural Areas
Александровна, Б. Е., Kruijf, J. V., Wöhler, L., Warbroek, B., & Arentsen, M. J. (2025) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-025-02140-2 · Cited by 3
“…problem is that current governance systems, in particular during policy implementation, are largely dominated by sectoral practices, leading to a lack of coordination and inconsistency in the priorities of different actors when it comes to integration (Spijkerboer et al. 2019; Shari ﬁ 2021).”
Influential
Urban Place Resilience in the Face of Multi-Hazard Risks and Challenges
Amirzadeh, M., Sharifi, A., & Asadzadeh, A. (2025) · Journal of Planning Literature · doi:10.1177/08854122251346109 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Toward climate resilient land-use planning: Indicators for adaptation and mitigation
Zhou, Y., Sarabi, S., & Han, Q. (2025) · Environmental and Sustainability Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.indic.2025.100819 · Cited by 3
Planning for inclusive active transportation: A systematic literature review of disability integration and interventions
Schweiger, R., & Sharifi, A. (2025) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2025.102198 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Energy and carbon performance of SBC-602-Compliant envelope retrofits and rooftop PV integration in Saudi residential buildings
Al-Tamimi, N. A. M., Qahtan, A. M., Alshayeb, M. J., Almasri, R. A., & Bahdad, A. A. S. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116645 · Cited by 3
How urban street-scape visual features influence carbon emissions from residents visiting urban parks: A case study of Shenzhen, China
Guan, H., Zhang, W., Huang, B., Xu, Y., & Hong, W. (2025) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105531 · Cited by 3
Burden of Non-communicable Diseases Attributable to High and Low Ambient Temperatures, 1990–2031: A Forecasting Analysis for GBD 2021
Pu, L., Wang, H., Cheng, X.-W., Li-bo, L., Zhang, X., Hu, X., Peng, H.-Q., Ding, L., Xiao, B.-Z., Zhang, W., et al. (2025) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-025-00148-7 · Cited by 3
“Further synergies are achieved by integrating greenery with stormwater management and energy systems, creating multifunctional urban spaces that deliver compounded health and environmental benefits [53].”
SDGs in Global South Cities for Building Resilience to Climate Change
Kumar, S., & Sharifi, A. (2022) · Implementing the UN sustainable development goals - regional perspectives · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91262-8_11-1 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Impact of Climate Change on Global Health: A Comprehensive Review
Otorkpa, O. J., Emmanuel, S., Obuye, F., & Otorkpa, C. O. (2024) · International Journal of Environment and Climate Change · doi:10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54194 · Cited by 3
Climate change impact on the architecture and built environment dwellers’ well-being in Niger Delta Region: a systematic review
Dimuna, K. O., Ekhaese, E. N., & Ndimako, O. O. (2024) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2024.1498938 · Cited by 3
What is needed to make climate resilient development pathways planning actionable in cities?
McEvoy, S., Langendijk, G. S., Jeuken, A., & Haasnoot, M. (2025) · Environmental Research Communications · doi:10.1088/2515-7620/adf9c9 · Cited by 3
Trends in bioclimatic design strategies for climate change–induced heat stress mitigation based on a literature review
Bera, M., & Nag, P. K. (2025) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-025-03036-w · Cited by 4
A Data-Driven Decision-Making Tool for Prioritizing Resilience Strategies in Cold-Climate Urban Neighborhoods
Hassan, A. W. R., & Hachem-Vermette, C. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18205421 · Cited by 3
“It also involves exploring interactions, including synergies—like combining urban greenery with building energy efficiency for amplified benefits [38]—and conflicts, such as tensions between green belt policies and flood zoning [37].”
Mitigation or adaptation, the determination of which strategy should be given priority for urban spatial development: the case study of central cities in Turkey
Aydın, M. B. S., & Kahraman, E. D. (2022) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-021-09985-y · Cited by 3
“2014; Sharifi 2021).”
Background
CO2-Mediated Energy Conversion and Recycling
Esakkimuthu, S., Wang, S., & Abomohra, A. E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91570-4_13 · Cited by 3
Analytical framework for the analysis of co-benefits, conflicts and trade-offs of urban heat mitigation strategies
Xiong, L., & He, B.-J. (2022) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012133 · Cited by 3
The Role of Urban Agriculture in Enhancing Urban Food System Sustainability and Resilience
Zou, T., Cheshmehzangi, A., Dawodu, A., & Mangi, E. (2022) · Journal of Resilient Economies · doi:10.25120/jre.2.1.2022.3906 · Cited by 6
“Co-citation analysis reveals the most influential publications and journals in a specific study area, showing that the connections between two literature studies are cited by a particular third one (Van Eck and Waltman, 2009; Sharifi, 2021).”
Challenges surounding climate resilience on transportation infrastructures
Chirisa, I. E., Nyevera, T., & Moyo, T. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95336-8.00005-6 · Cited by 3
Towards Digital-Twin solutions for the 15 minute city
Ludlow, D., Khan, Z., Chrysoulakis, N., & Mitraka, Z. (2023) · Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE) · doi:10.1109/jurse57346.2023.10144161 · Cited by 3
“The aim to secure the essential “win-win” policy co-benefits is critical to the delivery of the transformation agenda adopted by city politicians globally [6].”
Background
Driving Urban Transitions—Digital-Twin Solutions
Ludlow, D. (2023) · The urban book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32664-6_23 · Cited by 3
The challenges of implementing adaptation actions in Scotland’s public sector
Yule, E. L., Donovan, K., & Graham, J. (2023) · Climate Services · doi:10.1016/j.cliser.2023.100412 · Cited by 3
Evaluation of Urban Land Suitability under Multiple Sea Level Rise Scenarios
Ruan, C., & Wei, F. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16083485 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, revising land use in areas likely to be flood-prone in the future is considered a key measure in adapting to climate change [43–45].”
Exposure of Greek Ports to Marine Flooding and Extreme Heat Under Climate Change: An Assessment
Monioudi, I. Ν., Chatzistratis, D., Moschopoulos, K., Velegrakis, A. F., Polydoropoulou, A., Chalazas, T., Bouhouras, E., Papaioannou, G., Karakikes, I. D., & Thanopoulou, H. A. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17131897 · Cited by 3
The effect of increased coupling strength between electricity and heating systems in different climate scenarios for Europe
Kozarcanin, S., & Andresen, G. B. (2021) · Energy and Climate Change · doi:10.1016/j.egycc.2021.100039 · Cited by 3

Authors: Sharifi, A.
Affiliations: Hiroshima University (JP)
Corresponding author: Sharifi, Ayyoob
ORCID: Sharifi, Ayyoob
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-01
Volume: 750
Pages: 141642
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141642
OpenAlex: W3049703454
Cited by: 465
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 77 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 37
FWCI: 2.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Keywords: urban climate change mitigation, urban climate adaptation, co-benefits, synergistic effect, climate resilience, green infrastructure, urban greening, public transport, urban density, energy systems, urban planning, urban governance

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Co-benefits and synergies between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review

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