The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Co-benefits and synergies between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review
Abstract
Accounting for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, cities are major contributors to climate change. Acknowledging this, urban climate change adaptation and mitigation plans are increasingly developed to make progress toward enhancing climate resilience. While there is consensus that focusing on both adaptation and mitigation is necessary for addressing climate change impacts, better understanding of their interactions is needed to efficiently maximize their potentials. This paper, first, provides a bibliographic analysis to map existing knowledge regarding adaptation-mitigation interactions. This is done using methods such as bibliographic coupling, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. Then, drawing on the literature, this study explores two types of interactions between adaptation and mitigation measures, namely co-benefits and synergies. These interactions are explored through analyzing evidence reported in the literature on different measures related to sectors such as energy, transportation, waste, water, green infrastructure, urban planning, and governance. Results of the bibliographic analysis show that there is a lack of research in the Global South. Results of the detailed content analysis show that many measures can provide co-benefits and synergies. Measures related to green infrastructure, buildings, energy systems, and, transportation are particularly capable of providing co-benefits. In addition, it was found that appropriate levels of density, promotion of public transportation, and urban greenery are measures that are more likely to provide synergistic benefits if combined with other adaptation and/or mitigation measures. This study highlights the need for more empirical research to better understand the magnitude of synergistic benefits between different measures.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“All of these measures will reduce carbon emissions, ultimately mitigating climate change; simultaneously, they will result in cost and energy savings, thereby increasing economic and energy resilience and thus enabling climate change adaptation.”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Sharifi 2021
In the citing paper
“Promoting public transportation, increasing vehicle efficiency, electrifying transportation, and encouraging car-sharing services are all approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the transportation sector (Sharifi 2021).”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Sharifi 2021
In the citing paper
“The literature also often deals with co-benefits and competing goals (55–57).”
From A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cites
Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3 · Cited by 21,484
World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2019) · doi:10.18356/b9e995fe-en · Cited by 2,758
Adapting Cities for Climate Change: The Role of the Green Infrastructure
Gill, S. E., Handley, J. F., Ennos, A. R., & Pauleit, S. (2007) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.33.1.115 · Cited by 2,002
Demuzere, M., Orru, K., Heidrich, O., Olazabal, E., Geneletti, D., Orru, H., Bhave, A., Mittal, N., Feliú, E., & Faehnle, M. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.025 · Cited by 1,100
Li, D., & Bou-Zeid, E. R. (2013) · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · doi:10.1175/jamc-d-13-02.1 · Cited by 888
Integrating mitigation and adaptation into climate and development policy: three research questions
Klein, R. J. T., Schipper, E. L. F., & Dessai, S. (2005) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2005.06.010 · Cited by 675
Stone, B., Hess, J. J., & Frumkin, H. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901879 · Cited by 615
Principles and criteria for assessing urban energy resilience: a literature review
Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.028 · Cited by 592
Self-citationUrban form and climate change: Balancing adaptation and mitigation in the U.S. and Australia
Hamin, E. M., & Gurran, N. (2008) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.005 · Cited by 503
Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions
Georgescu, M., Morefield, P. E., Bierwagen, B., & Weaver, C. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1322280111 · Cited by 499
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Demuzere, 2014, Mitigating and adapting to climate change: multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of green urban infrastructure, J. Environ. Manag., 146C, 107, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.025 · DOI
- Prior, 2018, Built environment interventions for human and planetary health: integrating health in climate change adaptation and mitigation, Public Health Research & Practice, 28, 5, 10.17061/phrp2841831 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–465 of 465
Particularists and Systemists: Perspectives on Effective Urban Climate Change AdaptationPreprint
Williams, S., Toikka, S., Lehtonen, A., Malmström, A., & Juhola, S. K. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5342016
Uncertainty in Transportation Infrastructure
Jacobs, J. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85542-9_11
The Road Ahead: Shaping Policies and Strategies for Climate Resilience in India
Lotha, T. N., & Jamir, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89967-6_21
Filho, W. L. (2025) · Globale Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung. · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70588-9_1
Evaluating and Predicting Urban Greenness for Sustainable Environmental Development
Huang, C., Liang, W., Tseng, T.-L., & Chan, C.-Y. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13082465
Li, D., & Xue, T. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0880-8_37
Londoño, M. F. G., & Sarmiento, H. J. (2025) · Cuadernos de Contabilidad · doi:10.11144/javeriana.cc26.fspc
Zhang, Q., Song, C., Zhang, Y., & Liu, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5676127
Lestari, N. A., Hariyono, E., & Madlazim, M. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Science Journal · doi:10.31893/multiscience.2026248
Wyrtzen, F., Meza, A., Snider, B., Kasyan, K., Burrow, C., Guillory, R. S., Wilkins, C. C., Zusman, E., Hengesbaugh, M., Zhou, X., et al. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172310492
Rech, C. R., Godtsfriedt, C. E. S., Arins, G. C. B., de Zorzi, V. N., Pazin, J., Hino, A. A. F., & Lopes, A. A. D. S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24303444
Rech, C. R., Godtsfriedt, C. E. S., Arins, G. C. B., de Zorzi, V. N., Pazin, J., Hino, A. A. F., & Lopes, A. A. D. S. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24303347
Sharifi, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84483-6_118
Self-citationPoojitha, N., & Gnaneshwar, M. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8417-7.ch009
Nguyen, H. Q., Tift, K., Veerbeek, W., Nguyễn, T. T., Nguyen, B., & Scheiber, L. (2026) · Urban Water Journal · doi:10.1080/1573062x.2026.2614313
“…for its co-benefits and multifunctionality such as stormwater management and other co-benefits including water savings, air quality improvement, carbon sequestration, nature protection, and public health enhancement (Alves et al. 2019; Meerow and Newell 2017; Raymond et al. 2017; Sharifi 2021).”
Minguela, A. B. G., Bresciani, S., & Noera, F. M. (2026) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli14020046
“While mitigation actions and adaptation measures are already quite diffused, their integration is not structural, and actual implementation does not always correspond to commitments, risking both maladaptation and missed opportunities for co-benefits [10].”
Essa, F. A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27550-0.00012-2 · Cited by 2
Li, C.-L., & Jim, C. Y. (2026) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2026.101437
Particularists and Systemists: Perspectives on Effective Urban Climate Change Adaptation
Williams, S., Toikka, S., Lehtonen, A., Jurgilevich, A., & Juhola, S. K. (2026) · Climate Risk Management · doi:10.1016/j.crm.2026.100803
Ang, A. P., Magante, M. C., & Militante, M. I. (2026) · Millennial Asia · doi:10.1177/09763996261423450
Kigotho, S. I., Senagi, K., Olukuru, J., Makori, D. M., Abdel-Rahman, E. M., & Omondi, E. (2026) · Machine Learning with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2026.100880
Biresselioğlu, M. E., Demir, M. H., Özcureci, B., & Akdogan, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2026.1747669
Eingrüber, N., Zimmermann, D., Löhnert, U., Korres, W., Kumar, S., & Schneider, K. (2026) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2026.101456
Stewart, R. K., Farzad, K., Zhang, Y., Gillingham, K. T., Hobbs, B. F., Esty, D. C., & Bell, M. L. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.124288
Wang, F., Liu, F., Zhou, Q., & Li, J. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06859-z
“Secondly, governance challenges, including disjointed policy frameworks and weak institutional capacities, undermine climate adaptation measures (Tan et al., 2021) through policy disarray and inef fi cient execution (Mehryar et al., 2022; Shari fi , 2021).”
Xiao, Q., & Lihong, Y. U. (2026) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2026.2644558
Çelik, M. A., Bilik, A., & Yolcu, T. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0778-5.ch001
George, B. (2026) · Urban Resilience and Sustainability · doi:10.3934/urs.2026005
Rozhkov, A. (2026) · International Journal of Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1080/14786451.2026.2654354
Lesch, M., Schrieks, T., Koetse, M. J., & Botzen, W. J. W. (2026) · Nature-Based Solutions · doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2026.100331
Longo, R. M., Garcia, J. M., Nunes, A. N., Gomes, R. C., Godoi, N. M. I., & Ribeiro, A. ́. (2026) · Environmental Quality Management · doi:10.1002/tqem.70362
Artificial Intelligence for Climate Action
Laturkar, K., & Laturkar, K. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-2020-3.ch006
Hammermeister, S., Dietze, V., & Spyra, M. (2026) · Progress in Disaster Science · doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100597
An institutional perspective on integrating climate and societal challenges in urban areas
Wöhler, L., Arentsen, M. J., Александровна, Б. Е., Warbroek, B., & de-Kruijf, J. V. (2026) · Climate Risk Management · doi:10.1016/j.crm.2026.100829
Nakashima, T., Oyama, T., Masago, Y., Liu, F., & Aoyama, K. (2026) · Environmental Research Communications · doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ae7a02
“Other works (Sharifi 2021, Simpson et al 2021, 2023, Rising et al 2022, Magnan et al 2023, Thompson et al 2024) have highlighted cascading and overlooked risks, as well as synergies between mitigation and adaptation, but they often lack quantitative prioritization frameworks, detailed causal…”
Hassan, A. W. R., & Hachem-Vermette, C. (2026) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114858
Newbould, R., Blom, I. M., Bigmore, K., Waddington, H. S., Green, R., Haines, A., & Benton, L. (2026) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26773.1
Terwilliger, J., Christie, I., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2026) · Urban Governance · doi:10.1016/j.ugj.2026.05.002
Hussein, K., Ramadan, E., Parry, C., Arafati, K. A., Elkamali, M., & Alsumaiti, T. S. (2026) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108166 · Cited by 1
Abduova, A., Zhorabayeva, N., Sarypbekova, N., Tileuberdi, A., Sabyrkhan, A., & Suletbek, A. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18136720
Zheng, X., Pu, K., Li, M., Li, Z., Sun, Y., & Li, T. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7076313
Urban climate actions: connecting city characteristics to planning responses
Ascione, L., Gargiulo, C., & Guida, C. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.107308
Partenariato pubblico-privato in Veneto: pratiche di adattamento e condizionalità finanziarie
Pozzer, G. (2026) · ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI · doi:10.3280/asur2026-145007
Juel, R., Whitmee, S., Green, R., Davies, M., Milner, J., & Turcu, C. (2026) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.25619.1 · Cited by 1
Climate change, environmental extremes, and human health
Yu, P., Liu, Y., Xing, Y., He, C., Huang, Y., Huang, L., Li, T., Alahmad, B., Phung, D. T., Chen, B., et al. (2026) · The Innovation Medicine · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100235
Ricciardi, G., Callegari, G., & Leone, M. F. (2026) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108239
Peranović, F., & Labib, S. M. (2026) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2026.107827
The Extent of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies Implementation
Muyaloka, D., Milupi, I., & Mwanaumo, E. (2026) · African Journal of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy · doi:10.62154/ajesre.2026.023.01021
Brattich, E., Falasca, S., Bernardino, A. D., Erriu, M., Faggi, A., Stefania, A., Maria, S. A., Andrea, C., & Silvana, D. S. (2026) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2026.103105
Wang, W., Lu, J., Yu, J., & Yan, F. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18178653
Han, J., Bao, L., Peng, Y., & Liu, S. (2026) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108675
Greenberg, M. R. (2026) · Journal of History Research · doi:10.17265/2159-550x/2026.08.004
“Building around historical assets increases property values (Armitage & Irons, 2013; Capello, Cerisola, & Perucca, 2020; Vinod, Sarkar, & Roy, 2024; Zhang, 2025; Climate X Ltd., n.d.; Gouldson, Sudmant, Khreis, & Papargyropoulou, 2018; Keyes, 2025; Sharifi, 2021; Sudmant et al., 2017).”
Bodenstein, C.-P., & Lwasa, S. (2026) · Discover Cities · doi:10.1007/s44327-026-00359-0
“Moreover, Sharifi [34, 35] identifies a large research gap on adaptation-mitigation synergies, particularly in Africa (see also [19, 36]).”
Assessing Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration Through Adaptive Reuse: Evidence from Two Cypriot Khans
Savvides, A., & Parpas, D. (2026) · Land · doi:10.3390/land15091669
System feedback loops and pathways linking net zero policy and health equity in the UKPreprint
Zhou, K., Zimmermann, N., Davies, M., & Pluchinotta, I. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7442468
Matosović, M. D., Exintaveloni, D. S., & Pizzini, G. (2026) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2026.2729632
Idouanaou, A. (2026) · Sustainable Cities and Society Advances · doi:10.1016/j.scsadv.2026.100110
Ricciardi, G., Callegari, G., & Leone, M. F. (2026) · Sustainability Analytics and Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.samod.2026.100086
Toikka, S., Käyhkö, J., & Juhola, S. (2026) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2026.103161
Yuan, M., Lou, N., Huang, K., Zeng, R., Wang, S., & Lin, H. (2026) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149613
Eingrüber, N., Zimmermann, D., Korres, W., Löhnert, U., & Schneider, K. (2026) · Climate Risk Management · doi:10.1016/j.crm.2026.100894
Liu, L., Xia, T., Zhang, X., Appiah‐Otoo, I., Li, X., Wang, M., & Chen, X. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7607887
Marfu, A., Tanubrata, D., Pratiwi, D. I., Rahmayanti, H., Hasanah, U., & Astra, I. M. (2026) · Discover Environment · doi:10.1007/s44274-026-01139-8
“Climate mitigation and adaptation programs initiated by both central and local governments tend to be fragmented, lack synergy, and are not based on a structural understanding of the contributing factors [56].”
Anwar, R., & Elkhateeb, S. (2026) · Architecture · doi:10.3390/architecture6040196
Zhang, H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11519774/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Sharifi, A.
- Affiliations
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sharifi, Ayyoob
- ORCID
- Sharifi, Ayyoob
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 750
- Pages
- 141642
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3049703454
- Cited by
- 465
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 37
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Keywords
- urban climate change mitigation, urban climate adaptation, co-benefits, synergistic effect, climate resilience, green infrastructure, urban greening, public transport, urban density, energy systems, urban planning, urban governance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review