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Risks of organic UV filters: a review of environmental and human health concern studies
Abstract
Organic UV filters are compounds that absorb UV irradiation by their highly conjugated structure. With the developing consciousness over the last century of the skin damage UV radiation can cause, the demand for organic UV filters has risen, for use not only in sunscreens, but also in other personal care products. The massive production and usage of these organic UV filters has resulted in extensive release into the aquatic environment, and thereby making an important group of emerging contaminants. Considering the widespread occurrence of organic UV filters in not only ambient water, but also sediment, soil and even indoor dust, their threats towards the health of living organisms have been a subject of active investigation. In this review article, we present an overall review of existing knowledge on the risks of organic UV filters from the aspects of both environmental and human health impacts. As for the environment, some organic UV filters are proven to bioaccumulate in various kinds of aquatic organisms, and further to have adverse effects on different kinds of animal models. Toxicological studies including in vivo and in vitro studies are important and effective means to ascertain the effects and mechanisms of organic UV filters on both the ecosystem and humans. Subsequent concerns arise that these compounds will affect human health in the long term. This review concludes by suggesting future lines of research based on the remaining knowledge gaps.
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“The contamination of terrestrial environment could also occurred by wastewaters discharges, disposal of product packages in inappropriate locations, and even in indoor dust that drives to an environment issue, contaminating both land and terrestrial organisms [84].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“Bioaccumulation and toxicological effects are the main issues associated with marine contamination by UV filters that could induce the persistence of these emergent contaminants through the food chain [84].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“It is noteworthy mentioning that the presence of these compounds in marine waters, will after some time deposit in sediments, contributing for the bioaccumulation in both marine and terrestrial organisms, through absorption, abiotic and biotic degradation, hydrolysis, and photolysis [84,86,87].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
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Occurrence, Distribution, and Fate of Organic UV Filters in Coral Communities
Tsui, M. M. P., Lam, J. C. W., Ng, T. Y., Ang, P. O., Murphy, M. B., & Lam, P. K. S. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05211 · Cited by 228
Hormonal activity, cytotoxicity and developmental toxicity of UV filters
Balázs, A., Krifaton, C., Orosz, I., Szoboszlay, S., Kovács, R., Csenki, Z., Urbányi, B., & Kriszt, B. (2016) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.037 · Cited by 103
Toxicity effects of the organic UV-filter 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor in zebrafish embryos
Quintaneiro, C., Teixeira, B., Benedé, J. L., Chisvert, A., Soares, A. M. V. M., & Monteiro, M. S. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.096 · Cited by 66
Chemical UV filters mimic the effect of progesterone on Ca2+ signaling in human sperm cells
Rehfeld, A., Dissing, S., & Skakkebæk, N. E. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1473 · Cited by 56
Toxicity of UV filters on marine bacteria: Combined effects with damaging solar radiation
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Items 101–195 of 195
Plant-Based Sunscreen Emulgel: UV Boosting Effect of Bilberry and Green Tea NaDES Extracts
Martinović, M., Nešić, I., Bojović, D., Žugić, A., Blagojević, S. M., Blagojević, S. N., & Tadić, V. (2024) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels10120825 · Cited by 8
Chen, H.-C., Huang, Y.-F., & Wu, C.-T. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134077 · Cited by 6
Self-citationLyu, Y., He, Y., Li, Y., & Tang, Z. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118108 · Cited by 8
Tkalec, Ž., Runkel, A., Kosjek, T., Horvat, M., & Heath, E. (2023) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y · Cited by 6
Zhou, E., Liu, Y., Yuan, H., Cheng, X.-L., Zhong, Y., He, J., & Lu, X. (2023) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings13060985 · Cited by 6
Removal of Organic UV Filters Using Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Fungicultures
Yang, C., Tu, P.-H., Tso, W.-Y., & Chang, B. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11093932 · Cited by 8
Clean beauty - literature review of new trends in cosmetics
Kalil, C. L. P. V., de Vargas, A. S., Reginatto, F. P., Campos, V., & Chaves, C. R. P. (2022) · Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.5935/scd1984-8773.2022140137 · Cited by 5
“15 These substances have already been detected in inhabited and uninhabited coastal waters and ecosystems, such as the Arctic and Antarctic, contaminating marine animals, 16 thus making its use a concern.”
Wang, H., Xu, Q., Jiao, J., & Wu, H. Y. (2021) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d1nj01393a · Cited by 9
Benedetto, N., Ponticelli, M., Lela, L., Rosa, E., Carriero, F., Faraone, I., Caddeo, C., Milella, L., & Vassallo, A. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17080952 · Cited by 5
“Several investigations have demonstrated the existence of three different routes of exposure to organic UV filters (dermal, inhalation, and oral routes) that may be related to endocrine-disrupting properties [4].”
Occurrence and ecotoxicity of cosmetic ingredients in aquatic ecosystems: A narrative review
Mota, S., Sousa, E., Cruz, M. T., & Almeida, I. F. (2025) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100512 · Cited by 7
Preparation and performance of SiO2-nanostructured lipid encapsulating sunscreen
Zhang, W., Zhou, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhu, H., & Zhang, D. (2022) · Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01932691.2022.2043162 · Cited by 6
Wu, X., Zhou, C.-Y., Wang, J., Cao, M.-X., Wang, L., & Liang, Y. (2025) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107334 · Cited by 4
Gu, W., Sun, S., Cai, Y., Du, Z., Shan, X., Liang, M., Guo, M., Zhou, L., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100466 · Cited by 4
Carrao, A. M., Becker, R. P., Coleman, J. C., & Kumari, H. (2024) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2024.100932 · Cited by 4
Yu, Q., Wang, G., Shao, Z., Sun, Y.-F., & Yang, Z. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142213 · Cited by 4
Ajibola, A. S., Ajulo, Y. I., Akinola, T. O., & Adewuyi, G. O. (2024) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103513 · Cited by 4
Branching morphogenesis of the mouse mammary gland after exposure to benzophenone-3
Schierano-Marotti, G., Altamirano, G. A., Oddi, S., Gómez, A. L., Meyer, N., Muñoz‐de‐Toro, M., Zenclussen, A. C., Rodriguez, H. A., & Kass, L. (2024) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2024.116868 · Cited by 4
Kuhlmann, L., Hiller, J., & Göen, T. (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.110263 · Cited by 4
Diffey, B. L. (2023) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12906 · Cited by 4
“In addition to dermal exposure, organic UV filters can accumulate in humans both through ingestion of contaminated seafood and water, and inhalation of droplets from using aerosols [8].”
BackgroundBrown, A., & Farenhorst, A. (2023) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4363799 · Cited by 4
Rana, S., Fatima, N., Yaqoob, S., Hameed, A., Mirza, M. R., Jabeen, A., & Iqbal, J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25515-5 · Cited by 5
Huang, Y.-F., Huang, J.-R., & Liu, X. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11091362 · Cited by 4
“BPs belong to a group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can interfere with hormone action [13,14] and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3) that can cause breast cancer and endometriosis [15].”
BackgroundSelf-citationJiao, B., Shang, Y., Zhou, D., Wang, X., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202510083 · Cited by 4
Lorigo, M., Breitenfeld, L., Monteiro, M. S., Soares, A. M. V. M., Quintaneiro, C., & Cairrão, E. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18121897 · Cited by 3
“On the other hand, the presence of OMC in various commercially important fish species [26], suggests that its bioaccumulation may pose risks to both wildlife and humans through dietary exposure via the food chain [29].”
Study on Hepatotoxicity of Benzophenone-3 at Environmental Concentration in Postpartum Mice
Zhai, H.-F., Tian, Y.-N., Sheng, Y.-X., Pu, Y.-J., Gao, Y.-R., Chen, J.-Y., Liu, J.-D., Ma, J., Xu, H.-M., Yang, P.-B., et al. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13121014 · Cited by 3
“Despite wastewater treatment, BP-3 persists in the environment, accumulating in various water bodies, sediments, and air [10–12].”
Jiang, N., Chen, Q., Cheng, B.-J., Ke, M., Wang, J., Li, T., Chen, H., Liao, Y., Sun, H. W., & Liu, R. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123297 · Cited by 2
Granados-Galvan, I.-A., Provencher, J., Gamberg, M., Houde, M., Ferguson, S., Mallory, M., Matthews, C. J. D., & Lu, Z. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140121 · Cited by 3
Molecular response of earthworm, Eisenia fetida to Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) exposure.
Gautam, K., Singh, S., Vamadevan, B., & Anbumani, S. (2025) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179265 · Cited by 3
Sobańska, A. W., & Sobański, A. M. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29245836 · Cited by 3
Mask Wearers at Risk of Inhaling Respirable Hazards from Leave-On Facial Cosmetics
Dai, H., He, S., Han, J., & Xing, B. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c07604 · Cited by 3
Sobańska, A. W., Banerjee, A., & Roy, K. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252212373 · Cited by 6
“They are known to be absorbed transdermally [40], by the oral route or via the pulmonary tract [41].”
Single and mixture toxicity of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites on Daphnia magna
Ju, Y., Su, C.-R., Chen, C., Shih, C.-F., & Gu, L.-S. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143536 · Cited by 3
Kuhlmann, L., Göen, T., & Hiller, J. (2024) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03827-x · Cited by 6
“The distribution and inevitable exposure to UV filters raises the question of whether there are indications of UV filters having a negative effect on the environment and human health (Huang et al. 2021).”
BackgroundHrabáková, K., Hložek, T., Bosáková, Z., & Tůma, P. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116528 · Cited by 4
Altay, Ç., Babahan-Bircan, İ., Toker, H., & Baysal, E. (2024) · Journal of Coatings Technology and Research · doi:10.1007/s11998-024-00951-2 · Cited by 3
“18 Epoxies are adaptable polymer substances with a variety of uses, including household adhesives and aerospace.”
Pirvu, F., Paun, I. C., Cimpean, I. A., Pascu, L. F., & Chiriac, F. L. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16070945 · Cited by 3
Fatima, N., Yaqoob, S., Rana, S., Hameed, A., Mirza, M. R., & Jabeen, A. (2024) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112841 · Cited by 3
Photoprotection strategies with antioxidant extracts: a new vision
Ayad, R., Lefahal, M., Makhloufi, E. H., & Akkal, S. (2023) · Physical Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1515/psr-2022-0313 · Cited by 3
Sun protection: false beliefs and misguided advocacy.
Diffey, B. (2022) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1093/bjd/ljac119 · Cited by 3
Is it necessary to wear sunscreen indoors?
Diffey, B. (2022) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.21850 · Cited by 3
Chen, J., Tian, Z., Guo, Y., Ji, Z., Wu, X., & Guan, M. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.124971 · Cited by 2
Olechowska, K., Wyżga, B., & Hąc-Wydro, K. (2026) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c02433 · Cited by 1
Guo, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Wang, X.-L., Chen, L., & Wang, Y.-Z. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202518079 · Cited by 2
Íñiguez, E., da Silva, R. P., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Dimou, E., Alves, F., Kaufmann, M., Dinis, A., & Cordeiro, N. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123153 · Cited by 2
Zhang, A., Pan, P., Zhou, N.-Y., & Li, T. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140176 · Cited by 2
Oka-Duarte, L., Baviera, G., Umstead, W. J., Cass, Q., & de Oliveira, A. D. (2025) · Journal of Chromatography Open · doi:10.1016/j.jcoa.2025.100251 · Cited by 2
Metabolism of Oxybenzone and Dioxybenzone to Phototoxins in Human Skin Cells.
Song, Z.-D., Lu, Y.-R., Shi, J. L., Xu, Y., & Mitch, W. (2025) · Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c05025 · Cited by 2
Modifying and Taming Photoactive Compounds Using Synthetic Macrocycles as Supramolecular Hosts
Kang, X., Dar, A. A., Mittapalli, R. R., Carrao, A. M., Dawn, A., & Kumari, H. (2023) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202300894 · Cited by 2
Ito, M., Nishimura, Y., Sawada, K., Matsumoto, K., Nakamura, K., Setoyama, O., Maoka, T., & Honda, M. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c17774 · Cited by 1
García-Márquez, M. G., & Agawin, N. (2026) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119965 · Cited by 1
He, C., Yan, W., Lin, J., Yu, Z., Shi, Y., Cheng, J., Jiang, Y., & Hu, L. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27114777 · Cited by 1
“Despite the clear evidence of ecological endocrine disruption, including causing coral bleaching and developmental toxicity in zebrafish [18–21], the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxicity of these compounds in mammalian cells remain largely elusive.”
Long-Term Trends and Patterns of Legacy and Emerging Cosmetic UV Filters in German Waters.
Winter, E., Koschorreck, J., Brendler, L., Backhaus, T., & Duffek, A. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128343 · Cited by 1
P.Amaral, S., C.Grosche, L., & P.S.Sousa, J. (2026) · Materials Today Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2026.103532 · Cited by 1
Huang, K., Hu, S., Zhou, Y., Zhang, B., Yang, L., Huo, W., Mao, Z., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127876 · Cited by 1
Photochemical Degradation of Sunscreen Chemicals in Sea Spray Aerosols
Ma, X., Li, K., Chen, X., & Du, L. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c12704 · Cited by 2
Kang, Z., Du, K., Yang, Z.-R., Luo, S., Zeng, X.-P., Wang, D.-W., Zhao, H.-Y., Ou, X., Liu, Q.-Q., Jiang, H., et al. (2026) · Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115481 · Cited by 1
Li, B., Jin, W., Liu, B., Yang, J., Wu, S., He, M., Jiang, Z., Wang, Z., Huang, L., Li, X., et al. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202502250 · Cited by 1
Gayathri, M., Sutha, J., Mohanthi, S., & Ramesh, M. (2025) · Chemistry and ecology · doi:10.1080/02757540.2025.2569330 · Cited by 1
“The inhibition of SOD and CAT activity in zebrafish exposed to organic UV Filters (BP-4, PABA and PBSA) [6] may be due to the inhibition of these enzymes by increased cellular H 2 O 2 levels.”
Stolecka, A., Koziarska, M., Szalińska, E., & Gruszecka-Kosowska, A. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119201 · Cited by 1
Jacob, S., Jafri, R. I., George, J., & Balachandran, M. (2025) · Particle & Particle Systems Characterization · doi:10.1002/ppsc.202500072 · Cited by 1
Examples of Underexploited Marine Organisms in Cosmeceutical Applications
Couteau, C., & Coiffard, L. J. M. (2025) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md23080305 · Cited by 1
Estimates of skin and blood concentrations of UV-filters: Insights from in vitro skin experiments
Luca, H. P. D., Boudon, S. M., Odermatt, A., Schenk, L., & Hopf, N. B. (2025) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2025.105916 · Cited by 3
Human exposure and health risks to ultraviolet filters in personal care products marketed in China.
Gao, M., Liu, Y., Gao, L., Weng, J., Ai, Q., Yang, Q., Liu, Y., Xu, M., Zhao, B., & Zheng, M.-H. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121886 · Cited by 1
Singh, S., Mourya, D., Patel, S., Shukla, S., Kumar, V., Kotian, S. Y., Yadav, A., Pandey, A., Dwivedi, A., & Tripathi, A. (2024) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.13966 · Cited by 1
“28 Overall, the collective concerns surrounding the safety and environmental impact of UV filters in sunscreens underscore the need for thorough evaluation and potentially safer alternatives.”
Combined effects of organic and mineral UV-filters on the lugworm Arenicola marina
Bruhns, T., Barba, C. S.-G., König, L., Timm, S., Fisch, K., & Sokolova, I. M. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142184 · Cited by 3
Qin, X., Yuan, K., Jin, W., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Chen, C., Li, Y., Liu, X., Wang, C., Zheng, Y., et al. (2026) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-026-4388-7
From absorbers to shields: polymeric compounds redefining UV protection
Supare, K., & Mhaske, S. T. (2026) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-026-06724-8
“…contamination in water, sediment, and dust; poor removal via wastewater treatments [85 , 86 ] Regulatory responses Regional bans increasing; “reef safe” claims lack standardization [87 ] Broader ecosystem risks Endocrine disruption; harm across species and trophic levels [83 , 88 , 89 ] Fig.”
Four seasons: green analytical determination of UV filters in coastal waters from southern Brazil
Magrin, C. P., & Micke, G. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101663
Zhang, M.-X., Tang, Z., Tao, G.-Z., Jia, X., Pei, X.-D., Wu, Z.-L., Mu, H.-C., Sun, H., Li, J.-Z., Shi, Y.-L., et al. (2026) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120813
Li, L.-S., Zhao, J.-T., Wang, Y.-F., Wang, H.-Y., He, X.-W., Chen, L.-X., & Zhang, Y.-K. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.181562
Olsemann, I. B., Ribas, E., Mannes, Y., Marques, L. M. T., de Azevedo, J. C. R., de Freitas, A. D., & Ramsdorf, W. (2026) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2026.105127
Li, R., Shen, H.-T., Liu, Q.-Q., Zhao, X.-Q., Wu, S., Chen, Y., Fu, S.-Y., Wang, S., Zhan, J., Lyu, B., et al. (2026) · Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c06976
Ramadhani, V., Sari, E. S. A., Aprilia, M., Magvira, M., Nurhidayah, N., Jasril, J., & Hurria, H. (2026) · Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia · doi:10.35311/jmpi.v12i1.1001
“Pada salah satu masalah utama tabir surya konvensional adalah penggunaan dari bahan kimia sintetis yang memiliki potensi berbahaya seperti bahan oxybenzone, avobenzone, dan paraben yang terkadang menyebabkan iritasi kulit, alergi, atau gangguan hormonal (Huang et al., 2021).”
Differential development of individual and group exposed Daphnia magna persists across generations
Boyd, A., & Blewett, T. (2026) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1007/s10646-026-03100-0
“This has led to toxicity investigations in many species (Huang et al. 2021 ), which overall suggest that aquatic invertebrates such as D. magna , sea urchins ( Paracentrotus lividus ), and corals ( Sty-lophora pistillata ) are among the most sensitive organisms to these UVFs and can experience…”
Yu, H., Lu, Z., Xiao, K., Fan, S.-Y., Gabrielsen, G., Wang, J., Herzke, D., & Harju, M. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.125058
Encapsulating TiO2 Nanoparticles in Chitosan-Based Porous Microspheres as Multifunctional UV Filters
Li, Y.-X., Cai, X., Chang, B.-Z., Yang, T., Jiang, H., & Ngai, T. (2026) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c01320
Simultaneous determination of eight organic UV filters in meat by LC–MS/MS using EMR-lipid cleanup
Zhang, Z.-R., Zhang, J., Xie, J., Zhao, F., Liu, Y.-T., Niu, X., Liao, W., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Microchemical journal (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2026.118607
Organic Sunscreens—Biological Activity from an Enzymatic Perspective
Sobańska, A. W., Sobański, A. M., & Brzezińska, E. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31101656
Íñiguez, E., Gouazé, M., Dinis, A., Sosa‐Ferrera, Z., Cordeiro, N., Kaufmann, M., & Montesdeoca‐Esponda, S. (2026) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119204
He, Y., Lyu, Y., & Tang, Z. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110105
Lorigo, M., Quintaneiro, C., Breitenfeld, L., & Cairrão, E. (2026) · NAM journal. · doi:10.1016/j.namjnl.2026.100077
Liu, J., Zhang, Y.-K., Chen, F., Duan, D., & Diao, X.-P. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13110946
Dong, G., Nie, L., Liao, J.-W., Meng, D., Liu, W., Yang, R., Yang, H., & Zhou, Q. (2025) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466522
Wu, X.-Y., Tan, Z., Chen, H.-K., Liu, Y.-R., Zhu, W., Zhao, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119316
Vargas, D. G. T. (2025) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.70288
Payá-García, M., Rodríguez-Muñiz, G. M., Moreno-Torres, M., Moro, E., Santos-Juanes, L., Amat, A. M., Gil, S., Castell, J. V., Lhiaubet-Vallet, V., & Miranda, M. A. (2025) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144305
Lin, X., Bao, D.-J., Sun, Q., Feng, Z., Hu, X., Zhang, X., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · Talanta: The International Journal of Pure and Applied Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128031
Verhagen, R., Veal, C., O'Malley, E., Gallen, M., Sturm, K., Bartkow, M., & Kaserzon, S. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf007
“This accumulation has the potential to act as endocrine disrupting and interfere with reproductive functions (Huang et al., 2021; Kwon & Choi, 2021).”
Quantifying the sediment sorption of organic ultraviolet filter chemicals using solvophobic theory.
Singer, D. L., & MacManus-Spencer, L. A. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143446
Popiół, J., Gunia‐Krzyżak, A., Słoczyńska, K., Piska, K., Kocot, N., Żelaszczyk, D., Krupa, A., Wójcik‐Pszczoła, K., Marona, H., & Pękala, E. (2024) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498254.2024.2363332
“It is estimated that in some regions, daily intake of UV filters from contaminated drinking water can reach 2.23 μg/kg of body weight (Huang et al. 2021).”
InfluentialLam, T., Law, J. C.-F., & Leung, K. S. (2024) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170121
Self-citationSPF – super problematična formula? Aktivni sastojci krema za sunčanje u vodenom okolišu
Blažević, I., Kos, K., Kovačević, M., Marković, T., Sović, L., & Miloloža, M. (2023) · Kemija u industriji · doi:10.15255/kui.2022.053
Vargas, P., Campos, V., Reginatto, F., Prato, C., & Kalil, C. (2026) · Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.5935/scd1984-8773.2026180540
“…and menstrual irregularities 10 ; Male reproductive system: reduced sperm count and motility, infertility, and risk of testicular cancer 11,15 ; Metabolic system: obesogenic effects, insulin resistance, and transgenerational inheritance of obesity 15 ; Immune system: potential autoimmune…”
InfluentialMadi, N. A. F. R., Jusoh, N. W. C., Nasef, M. M., & Isa, E. (2026) · AIP Conference Proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0313189
Universitāte, L., & Salmiņa, A. (2024) · Elementum · doi:10.22364/lu.szk.4.rk.14
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, Y., Law, J. C.-F., Lam, T.-K., & Leung, K. S.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Baptist University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Leung, Kelvin Sze-Yin
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 755
- Issue
- Pt 1
- Pages
- 142486
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3087919956
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 18
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20170817173243420)
- University Grants Committee
- Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (HKBU 12331316, 12303017)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- organic UV filters, sunscreen ingredients, personal care products, emerging contaminants, aquatic ecosystem pollution, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicity, human health risk, toxicological studies, UV protection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cosmetics, Humans, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Ecosystem, Aquatic Organisms
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