Cited by 127Microplastics and Plastic PollutionEnvironmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyAquaculture disease management and microbiota

Impact of Polypropylene Microplastics and Chemical Pollutants on European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gut Microbiota and Health

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Montero, Daniel, Rimoldi, Simona, Torrecillas, Silvia, Rapp, Jorge, Moroni, Federico, Herrera, Alicia, Gómez, May, Fernández-Montero, Álvaro +1 more·2022·Science of The Total Environment

Abstract

Plastic pollution has become a global problem for marine ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs) are consumed by several marine organisms, including benthic and pelagic fish species that confuse them with food sources, thus contributing to bioaccumulation along the food chain. In addition to structural intestinal damage, ingestion of MPs represents a pathway for fish exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals, too. Most of them are endocrine disrupters, genotoxic or induce immune depression in fish. Accordingly, we assessed the combined toxicological effects of microplastics (MPs) and adsorbed pollutants by adding them to marine fish diet. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles were fed for 60 days with feeds containing polypropylene MPs, either virgin or contaminated with chemical pollutants (a blend of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, chlorpyrifos, and benzophenone-3). The data demonstrated a synergic action of MPs and chemical pollutants to induce an inflammatory-like response in distal intestine of sea bass as shown by the up regulation of cytokine il-6 and tnf-α expression. Morphological analysis detected the presence of a focus of lymphocytes in anterior and posterior intestinal segments of fish fed with contaminants in the diet. With regard to microbiota, significant changes in bacterial species richness, beta diversity, and composition of gut microbiota were observed as a consequence of both pollutants and polluted MPs ingestion. These perturbations in gut microbial communities, including the reduction of beneficial lactic acid bacteria and the increase in potential pathogenic microorganism (Proteobacteria and Vibrionales), were undeniable signs of intestinal dysbiosis, which in turn confirmed the signs of inflammation caused by pollutants, especially when combined with MPs. The results obtained in this study provide, therefore, new insights into the potential risks of ingesting MPs as pollutant carriers in marine fish.

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  • MPs may adsorb environmental contaminants because of their lipophilicity and act as carriers for hazardous chemicals such as organic contaminants and heavy metals.

    “Moreover, MPs may adsorb contaminants present in the environment because of their lipophilicity [24]; in fact, once arriving in the seawater, they change their nature in response to physicochemical and biological ageing processes [25] and, in this way, act as carriers for very hazardous chemicals (e.g., organic contaminants and heavy metals) [26,27].”

    From Is Wild Marine Biota Affected by Microplastics? (2022) · cites this paper as [27]

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Authors
Montero, D., Rimoldi, S., Torrecillas, S., Rapp, J., Moroni, F., Herrera, A., Gómez, M., Fernández-Montero, Á., & Terova, G.
Affiliations
  • Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ES)
  • University of Insubria (IT)
Corresponding author
Terova, Genciana
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-01
Volume
805
Pages
150402
ISSN
0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3199849607
Cited by
127
References
108
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 1
FWCI
5.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
  • IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • European Commission (11.0661/2016/748064/SUB/ENV.C)
  • University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Keywords
polypropylene microplastics, chemical contaminants, Dicentrarchus labrax, gut microbiota, intestinal inflammation, chlorpyrifos, benzophenone-3, endocrine disruptors, synergistic toxicity, gut dysbiosis, lactic acid bacteria, fish feed contamination, marine plastic pollution
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Microplastics, Animals, Bass, Environmental Pollutants, Plastics, Polypropylenes, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Ecosystem

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