Simulation Modelling the Structure Related Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aquatic Food Web
Abstract
Until now, there is no bioaccumulation model to predict bioaccumulation of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic organisms due to their unique amphiphilic properties. For the first time, protein contents instead of lipid contents of organisms were used in bioaccumulation models to predict the concentrations and reveal the accumulation mechanisms of PFASs in various aquatic organisms, based on the available data. Comparison between the modeled and measured results indicated the models were promising to predict the PFAS concentrations in the fishes at different trophic levels very well, as well as their bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and trophic magnification factors (TMF) of PFASs in fish. Both water and sediment are important exposure sources of PFASs in aquatic organisms. As the two main uptake pathways, the contribution of gill respiratory decreases while that of dietary intake increases with the chain length of PFASs increasing. Fecal excretion and gill respiration are the main pathways for fish to eliminate PFASs, and their relative contributions increase and decrease respectively with chain length. The short-chain (C6-C8) perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are greatly eliminated via gill respiratory quickly, leading to their very low BAFs. As the carbon chain length increases, dietary intake becomes dominant in the uptake, while elimination is mainly through fecal excretion with relatively low rates, especially in the fishes with high protein contents. For the very long chain (C12-C16) PFASs, they are very difficult to excrete with a low total elimination rate constant (k e = 0.463-0.743 d-1), thus leading to their high BAFs and TMFs. The high intake rate but low elimination rate, as well as the high water and sediment concentrations together contribute to the highest accumulated concentration perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in the fish of Taihu Lake.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Short-chain PFAS are less likely to bioaccumulate.
“By contrast, short-chain PFAS are less likely to bioaccumulate [59,60,61,62].”
From The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
Cites
Martin, J. W., Mabury, S. A., Solomon, K. R., & Muir, D. C. G. (2003) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620220126 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Correlation of bioconcentration factors
Mackay, D. (1982) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es00099a008 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Xiao, F. (2017) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.024 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Cousins, I. T., Scheringer, M., & Hungerbuehler, K. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.013 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Podder, A., Sadmani, A. H. M. A., Reinhart, D., Chang, N.-B., & Goel, R. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126361 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
A food web bioaccumulation model for organic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems
Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2004) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/03-438 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Gobas, F. A. P. C. (1993) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/0304-3800(93)90045-t · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Zhou, Z., Liang, Y., Shi, Y., Xu, L., & Cai, Y. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es402120y · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Ren, X.-M., & Guo, L.-H. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4026722 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Schulz, K., Silva, M. R., & Klaper, R. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139186 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Lomartire, S., Marques, J. C., & Gonçalves, A. M. M. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107867 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Lü, Y., Song, X., Jones, K. C., Sweetman, A. J., Johnson, A. C., Zhang, M., Lu, X., & Su, C. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.008 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Fugacity-Based Model of PCB Bioaccumulation in Complex Aquatic Food Webs
Campfens, J., & Mackay, D. (1997) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es960478w · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Common edible insects and their utilization in China
Xiaoming, C. H. E. N., Feng, Y., & Chen, Z. (2009) · Entomological Research · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00237.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Chen, M., Shan, G., Chen, P., Cui, S., Yi, S., & Zhu, L. Y. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.167 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, X., Zhong, W., Xiao, B., et al. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.018 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Bioaccumulation of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a tropical estuarine food web
Miranda, D. A., Benskin, J. P., Awad, R., Lepoint, G., Leonel, J., & Hatje, V. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142146 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Fang, S., Chen, X., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., Jiang, W., Yang, L., & Zhu, L. Y. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es405018b · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, D., Xie, P., Liu, Y., et al. (2009) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.039 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Lewis, A. J., Yun, X., Spooner, D. E., Kurz, M. J., McKenzie, E. R., & Sales, C. M. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153561 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Geyer, H. J., Politzki, G., & Freitag, D. (1984) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(84)90134-6 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Li, Y., Feng, X., Zhou, J., & Zhu, L. Y. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115145 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationPan, C., Zhao, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q.-Q., Chen, Z., Lai, H., Peng, F., Liu, S., & Ying, G. (2014) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.031 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Chen, M., Wang, Q., Shan, G., Zhu, L. Y., Yang, L., & Liu, M. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.301 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationBenskin, J. P., Holt, A., & Martin, J. W. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es901915f · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Babut, M., Labadie, P., Simonnet-Laprade, C., Munoz, G., Roger, M. C., Ferrari, B. J. D., Budzinski, H., & Sivade, E. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.111 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Accumulation of Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Oceanic Plankton
Casal, P., González-Gaya, B., Zhang, Y., Reardon, A. J. F., Martin, J. W., Jiménez, B., & Dachs, J. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05821 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Lü, Y., Meng, L., Ma, D., Cao, H., Liang, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Y., & Jiang, G. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116460 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wang, D., Yu, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2012) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.010 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Semerád, J., Hatasová, N., Grasserová, A., Černá, T., Filipová, A., Hanč, A., Innemanová, P., Pivokonský, M., & Cajthaml, T. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128018 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Helland, S., Terjesen, B. F., & Berg, L. (2002) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00043-1 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Du, D., Lü, Y., Zhou, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, M., Han, G., Cui, H., & Jeppesen, E. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124681 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Trophic transfer of organophosphorus flame retardants in a lake food web
Zhao, H. N., Zhao, F., Liu, J., Zhang, S., Mu, D., An, L., Wan, Y., & Hu, J. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.077 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Zhang, R., Yu, K., Li, A., Zeng, W., Lin, T., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114426 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Chen, M., Qiang, L., Pan, X., Fang, S., Han, Y., & Zhu, L. Y. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00488 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationZhong, W., Zhang, L., Cui, Y., Chen, M., & Zhu, L. Y. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.099 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl-Contaminated Freshwater Impacts Adjacent Riparian Food Webs
Koch, A., Jonsson, M., Yeung, L. W. Y., Kärrman, A., Ahrens, L., Ekblad, A., & Wang, T. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c01640 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Cousins, I. T., Berger, U., Hungerbühler, K., & Scheringer, M. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.023 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Simonnet-Laprade, C., Budzinski, H., Maciejewski, K., Ménach, K. L., Santos, R., Alliot, F., Goutte, A., & Labadie, P. (2019) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/c9em00322c · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Li, Y., Wang, C., Feng, Z., Hao, Z., Yu, W., Wang, T., & Zou, X. (2020) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110995 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Zhang, B., He, Y., Yang, G., Chen, B., Yao, Y., Sun, H., Kannan, K., & Zhang, T. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00062 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Zhou, L., Wang, W., Lv, Y.-J., et al. (2020) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110626 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Yu, N., Shi, W. F., Zhang, B., Su, G., Feng, J., Zhang, X., Wei, S., & Yu, H. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3037803 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Wen, W., Xia, X., Zhou, D., Wang, H., Zhai, Y., Lin, H., Chen, J., & Hu, D. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with isomer analysis in the commercial PFOS and PFOA products in China
Jiang, W., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Chu, X., & Zhu, L. Y. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.049 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationYao, Y., Chang, S., Zhao, Y., Tang, J., Sun, H., & Xie, Z. (2017) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
de Vos, M. G., Huijbregts, M. A. J., van den Heuvel-Greve, M. J., Vethaak, A. D., de Vijver, K. I. V., Leonards, P. E. G., van Leeuwen, S. P. J., de Voogt, P., & Hendriks, A. J. (2007) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.038 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Riverine inputs and source tracing of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Taihu Lake, China
Ma, X., Shan, G., Chen, M., Zhao, J., & Zhu, L. Y. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.235 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationFood web bioaccumulation model for polychlorinated biphenyls in San Francisco Bay, California, USA
Gobas, F. A. P. C., & Arnot, J. A. (2010) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.164 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Lee, H., De Silva, A. O., & Mabury, S. A. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es204533m · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Chen, L., Jiang, G., et al. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.346 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Guo, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., Du, P., Liu, S., Lv, J., Xu, F., Meng, W., & Xu, J. F. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.053 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade
Huang, T., Ling, Z., Ma, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Food · doi:10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Fang, S., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., Zhong, W., & Zhu, L. Y. (2014) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.006 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationDasgupta, S., Reddam, A., Liu, Z., Liu, J., & Volz, D. C. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113550 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Colin, A., Bach, C., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2019) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-018-0585-z · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Wang, H., Xia, X., Liu, R., Wang, Z., Zhai, Y., Lin, H., Wen, W., Li, Y., Wang, D., Yang, Z., et al. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00106 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Volschenk, C. M., Gerber, R., Mkhonto, M. T., Ikenaka, Y., Yohannes, Y. B., Nakayama, S. M. M., Ishizuka, M., Vuren, J. H. J. V., Wepener, V., & Smit, N. J. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.144 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ye, L., Shi, X., Wu, X., et al. (2011) · Limnologica · doi:10.1016/j.limno.2011.06.001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Chen, M., Guo, T., He, K., Zhu, L. Y., Jin, H., Wang, Q., Liu, M., & Yang, L. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.297 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationDistribution characteristics of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River Delta
Zheng, B., Liu, X., Guo, R., Fu, Q., Zhao, X., Wang, S., Chang, S., Wang, X., Geng, M., & Yang, G. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.015 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Liu, M., Dong, F., Yi, S., Zhu, Y., Zhou, J., Sun, B., Shan, G., Feng, J., & Zhu, L. Y. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00359 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationKaboré, H. A., Goeury, K., Desrosiers, M., Vo Duy, S., Liu, J., Cabana, G., Munoz, G., & Sauvé, S. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151563 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Melake, B. A., Bervoets, L., Nkuba, B., & Groffen, T. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112033 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lo, J. C., Letinski, D. J., Parkerton, T. F., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03602 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
An, W., Duan, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Liu, C. S., Wang, F., Sui, Q., Xu, D., & Yu, G. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125784 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Barhoumi, B., Sander, S. G., Driss, M. R., & Tolosa, I. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118398 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Pereira, A. S., Beesoon, S., Vestergren, R., Berger, U., Olsen, G. W., Glynn, A., & Martin, J. W. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, S., Qiang, L., Chen, M., & Zhu, L. Y. (2016) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.3483 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationBrase, R. A., Schwab, H. E., Li, L., & Spink, D. C. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132830 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bioaccumulation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by the Mayfly (Hexagenia Limbata) in Lake St. Clair
Gobas, F. A. P. C., Bedard, D. C., Ciborowski, J. J. H., et al. (1989) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(89)71512-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Biotransformation of 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester in gilthead bream (Sparus aurata)
Zabaleta, I., Bizkarguenaga, E., Izagirre, U., Negreira, N., Covaci, A., Benskin, J. P., Prieto, A., & Zuloaga, O. (2017) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.241 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gao, C., Hua, Z., & Li, X. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152159 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Roscales, J. L., de Puga, B. R. S., Vicente, A., Muñoz-Arnanz, J., Sánchez, A. I., Ros, M., & Jiménez, B. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131940 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Jiang, W., Huang, T., Chen, H., Lian, L., Liang, X., Jia, C., Gao, H. R., Mao, X., Zhao, Y., & Ma, J. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.034 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, C.-T., Carlotti, F., Harmelin‐Vivien, M., et al. (2021) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102617 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chen, H., Zhang, C., Han, J., Sun, R., Kong, X., Wang, X., & He, X. (2015) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.024 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Taylor, M. D. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.117 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Three Edible Odonata Species and Their Nutritive Value
Feng, Y., Chen, X., Wang, S., et al. (2001) · Forest Research Open Access · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A study on diet composition of dominant fishes in Lake Taihu
En-sheng, L. (2008) · JOURNAL OF FISHERIES OF CHINA · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fang, J.-Q., Qi, C., Zhang, X., et al. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.201905127 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of two understudied DDT metabolites in wild fish species
Feng, W.-L., Wu, J., Li, X., et al. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151814 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Taylor, M. D., Gillanders, B. M., Nilsson, S., Bräunig, J., Barnes, T. C., & Mueller, J. F. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116686 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
En-sheng, L., Chuanhe, B., Linkun, W., et al. (2007) · Journal of Lake Sciences · doi:10.18307/2007.0116 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lei, J., Xiong, W., Sui, X., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Ichthyology · doi:10.1111/jai.13597 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nutritive composition and evaluation of five food animals
Rui-bin, P. (2014) · JOURNAL OF FISHERIES OF CHINA · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evaluation of Nutritive Quality and Nutritional Components in Body of Pseudorasbora parva
Yong-jun, L. (2010) · Anhui nongye kexue · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Feeding Habits of Misgurnus Anguilicaudatus During the Early Developmental Stage
Wang, K. (2013) · Journal of Hydroecology · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Food composition and seasonal changes of Coilia mystus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea
Guo, A. (2014) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, H., Zhang, T., Song, C., et al. (2016) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science
Spyrakis, F., & Dragani, T. A. (2023) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11090721 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Research priorities for the environmental risk assessment of per- and polyfluorinated substances
Gkika, I. S., Xie, G., van Gestel, C. A. M., Ter Laak, T. L., Vonk, J. A., van Wezel, A. P., & Kraak, M. H. S. (2023) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5729 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liang, X., Yang, X., Jiao, W., Zhou, J., & Zhu, L.
- Affiliations
- Northwest A&F University (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Jian
- Zhu, Lingyan
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 838
- Issue
- Pt 3
- Pages
- 156397
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4282931794
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2452021103)
- Ministry of Science and Technology
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21737003, 22111530176, 41991313, 42161134001)
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (T2017002)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2018YFC1801003, 2019YFC1804203)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M692651, 2021M702680, Z102022008)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS bioaccumulation, biomagnification, aquatic food webs, fish, bioaccumulation factor, trophic magnification factor, chain length effects, gill respiration, dietary intake, fecal excretion, elimination rate, sediment exposure, PFOS, Taihu Lake
- MeSH terms
- Bioaccumulation, Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes, Fluorocarbons, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Food Chain, Aquatic Organisms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
