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Determinants and implications of mRNA poly(A) tail size – Does this protein make my tail look big?

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Jalkanen, Aimee L., Coleman, Stephen J., Wilusz, Jeffrey·2014·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.018PMC PMC4163081
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Abstract

While the phenomenon of polyadenylation has been well-studied, the dynamics of poly(A) tail size and its impact on transcript function and cell biology are less well-appreciated. The goal of this review is to encourage readers to view the poly(A) tail as a dynamic, changeable aspect of a transcript rather than a simple static entity that marks the 3' end of an mRNA. This could open up new angles of regulation in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression throughout development, differentiation and cancer.

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  • The length of the poly(A) tail is proportional to translation efficiency.

    “The poly(A) tail steadies mRNA and boosts protein translation, and the length of the poly(A) tail is proportional to translation efficiency.”

    From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Jalkanen et al. 2014

    The Introduction says poly(A) tails can enhance translation efficiency. But “Does size matter?” reports a relationship between tail length and translation in early development and certain other contexts, while noting that a global analysis found no significant correlation beyond embryonic stages. The source therefore does not support an unqualified, proportional relationship. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The poly(A) tail is a critical factor in determining the longevity of mRNA molecules.

    “It is a critical factor in determining the longevity of mRNA molecules (Park et al. 2016; Jalkanen et al. 2014).”

    From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Jalkanen et al. 2014

  • The poly(A) tail steadies mRNA and boosts protein translation.

    “The poly(A) tail steadies mRNA and boosts protein translation, and the length of the poly(A) tail is proportional to translation efficiency.”

    From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Jalkanen et al. 2014

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Jalkanen, A. L., Coleman, S. J., & Wilusz, J.
Affiliations
Colorado State University (US)
Corresponding author
Wilusz, Jeffrey
ORCID
Venue
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-10
Volume
34
Pages
24-32
ISSN
1084-9521 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.018
PMC
PMC4163081
OpenAlex
W1963758675
Cited by
154
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
FWCI
0.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • NIH (GM072481)
  • NSF (MCB-1301983)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Keywords
poly(A) tail, polyadenylation, post-transcriptional regulation, mRNA 3' end, cancer, development (biology), cell differentiation
MeSH terms
Animals, Base Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylation

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