Sleep maintenance insomnia complaints predict poor CPAP adherence: a clinical case series

Wickwire, Emerson M.; Smith, Michael T.; Birnbaum, Sandra; Collop, Nancy A.

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.03.012

Cited by 149Obstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchSleep and related disordersTemporomandibular Joint Disorders

Sleep maintenance insomnia complaints predict poor CPAP adherence: a clinical case series

Wickwire, Emerson M., Smith, Michael T., Birnbaum, Sandra, Collop, Nancy A.·2010·Sleep Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.03.012

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Abstract

Background Although CPAP is a highly efficacious treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), low adherence presents a significant challenge for sleep medicine clinicians. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between insomnia symptoms and CPAP use. We hypothesized that pre-treatment insomnia complaints would be associated with poorer CPAP adherence at clinical follow-up.Methods This was a retrospective chart review of 232 patients (56.5% men, mean age=53.6+/-12.4years) newly diagnosed with OSA (mean AHI=41.8+/-27.7) and prescribed CPAP in the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorder Center. Difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakening were measured via three self-report items. CPAP use was measured via objective electronic monitoring cards.Results Thirty-seven percent of the sample reported at least one frequent insomnia complaint, with 23.7% reporting difficulty maintaining sleep, 20.6% reporting early morning awakening and 16.6% reporting difficulty initiating sleep. After controlling for age and gender, sleep maintenance insomnia displayed a statistically significant negative relationship with average nightly minutes of CPAP use (p<.05) as well as adherence status as defined by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (p<.02).Conclusions To our knowledge, these are the first empirical data to document that insomnia can be a risk factor for poorer CPAP adherence. Identifying and reducing insomnia complaints among patients prescribed CPAP may be a straightforward and cost-effective way to increase CPAP adherence.

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OSA patients with comorbid insomnia are less likely to accept and use CPAP therapy compared to OSA patients without insomnia.
“Importantly, recent research indicates that OSA patients with comorbid insomnia are less likely to accept and use CPAP therapy compared to OSA patients without insomnia [19][20][21][22][23][24].”
From Cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia increases the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea participants with comorbid insomnia: A randomized clinical trial (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
A large number of case studies, pilot studies, chart-reviews, treatment trials, and cluster analyses have examined the effect of co-morbid insomnia symptoms on reduced CPAP outcomes in OSA patients.
“Since this time, a large number of case studies [69], pilot studies [70,71], chart-reviews [65,72], treatment trials [44,49,50], and cluster analyses [41,42] have examined the effect of co-morbid insomnia symptoms on reduced CPAP outcomes in OSA patients.”
From Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [72]

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Authors: Wickwire, E. M., Smith, M. T., Birnbaum, S., & Collop, N. A.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Wickwire, Emerson M.
ORCID: Wickwire, Emerson M.
Smith, Michael T.
Collop, Nancy A.
Venue: Sleep Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 11
Issue: 8
Pages: 772-776
ISSN: 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.03.012
OpenAlex: W2049525773
Cited by: 149
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 6.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Keywords: sleep maintenance insomnia, CPAP adherence, obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia symptoms, early morning awakening, difficulty initiating sleep
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

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Sleep maintenance insomnia complaints predict poor CPAP adherence: a clinical case series

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