Depression as a mediator between frequent nightmares and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a 3-wave longitudinal model
Abstract
Background Frequent nightmares and depression are associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Little is known about the mediating role of depression in the nightmare-NSSI link. This study explores the longitudinal mediating effect of depression on the relationship between frequent nightmares and NSSI as well as the moderating effect of gender using a three-wave longitudinal design. Methods Participants were adolescents from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort who were surveyed at baseline, 1 year later, and 2 years later. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure nightmare frequency, depression, and NSSI. Structural equation modeling and multiple-group analysis were used to test the mediating effect of depression and the moderating effect of gender. Covariates included demographics and earlier measures of depression and NSSI. Results Among 6995 participants, 3399 (48.6%) were females, mean age was 14.86 (SD = 1.50) years at baseline. Frequent nightmares had a significant mediation effect on NSSI through depression (B ab = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02-0.10) after controlling for demographics and earlier measures of depression and NSSI. Gender had no significant moderating effect on the nightmare-NSSI association. Limitations All data were collected by self-report. Conclusions The association between frequent nightmares and NSSI in adolescents was partially mediated by depression. Frequent nightmares and depression should be assessed and tr…
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A significant correlation exists between NSSI and depression and anxiety.
“Studies have shown that a significant correlation exist between NSSI and depression and anxiety (Liu et al., 2021; Peters et al., 2019).”
From Relationship among self-injury, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, anxiety, and depression in Chinese adolescent patients with nonsuicidal self-injury (2021) · cites this paper as Liu et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Liu, Z.-Z., Tein, J.-Y., Jia, C.-X., & Liu, X.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Arizona State University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jia, Cun-Xian
- Liu, Xianchen
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 77
- Pages
- 29-34
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3108933809
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- nightmares, non-suicidal self-injury, depression, adolescents, mediation, gender differences, self-harm, sleep disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Depression, Dreams, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Injurious Behavior
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