The effects of testosterone on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in men: Its bidirectional interaction with erectile function
Abstract
As a major androgen with a key role in developing and maintaining male sexual characteristics, testosterone exerts a broad range of actions regulating several systems throughout human life. This article reviews data on the role of sleep in modulating endocrine release, as well as data on the effects of testosterone and androgen-replacement therapy on sleep architecture and breathing. This review also discusses the interaction of testosterone and sleep, with a particular emphasis on bilateral effects. Changes in nocturnal testosterone are sleep-related, with levels rising during sleep and falling on waking, whereas circadian effects are apparently marginal. Peak testosterone levels coincide with rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep onset. The decreasing sleep efficiency and numbers of REM sleep episodes with altered REM sleep latency observed in older men are associated with lower concentrations of circulating testosterone. The well-established male preponderance of sleep apnea suggests that sex hormones are involved in the pathogenesis of this breathing disorder. In addition, androgens are most certainly key players in the central and peripheral modulation of erectile function. Among other effects, sleep curtailment has been shown to lead to reduced levels of circulating androgens in healthy men and male rodents, and this highlights the biological significance of sleep homeostasis for endocrine regulation.
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Sleep fragmentation and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with reduced testosterone levels.
“Sleep fragmentation and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with reduced testosterone levels.2”
From Effect of 1 Week of Sleep Restriction on Testosterone Levels in Young Healthy Men (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
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Effect of 1 Week of Sleep Restriction on Testosterone Levels in Young Healthy Men
Leproult, R. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.710 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
- Authors
- Andersen, M. L., & Tufik, S.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 365-379
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2048910075
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- testosterone, sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, erectile function, testosterone replacement therapy, REM sleep, circadian rhythm, sleep efficiency, older men, sex hormones, sleep homeostasis, hormonal regulation
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Central Nervous System, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Erectile Dysfunction, Male, Penile Erection, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep, REM, Testosterone, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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